The World Flora Online

5. Brassica rapa L., Sp. Pl. 666 (1753). Lectotipo (designado por Oost et al., 1987): “Rapum”, Matthioli, Pl. Epit. 219 (1568). Ilustr.: Wu et al., Fl. China Ill. 8: 2, t. 2 (2003). N.v.: Nabo.

Por I.A. Al-Shehbaz y S. Fuentes-Soriano.

Brassica campestris L.

Hierbas anuales o bianuales, glabras o esparcidamente pelosas basalmente, rara vez glaucas, algunas veces con una raíz carnosa. Tallos 30-120(-190) cm, erectos. Hojas caulinares basales y más proximales (5-)10-40(-60) × 3-10(-20) cm, ovadas, oblongas o lanceoladas, los márgenes enteros, repandos, dentados o sinuados, algunas veces pinnatífidos o pinnatisectos y con 1-6 lobos laterales oblongos u ovados en cada lado; pecíolo (1-)2-10(-17) cm; hojas caulinares más distales 2-8(-12) × 0.8-3 cm, ovadas, oblongas o lanceoladas, la base amplexicaule, profundamente cordata o auriculada, sésiles. Flores en la antesis dispuestas por arriba de los botones florales. Pedicelos en fruto (0.5-)1-2.5(-3) cm. Sépalos (3-)4-6.5(-8) mm, ascendentes; pétalos (5-)7-10(-13) × 3-6(-7) mm, obovados, amarillo intenso, unguiculados, la uña 3-6 mm. Frutos (20-)30-80(-110) × 2-4(-5) mm; región valvar (13-)20-50(-75) mm, 8-15-semillas por lóculo, las valvas con una vena central prominente; rostro (3-)10-25(-35) mm, cónico, sin semillas o rara vez con 1 semilla; semillas 1-1.8 mm de diámetro. n = 10. Orillas de caminos, campos, bosques abiertos, sitios alterados. Ch (Cabrera y Cabrera 6022, MO); G (Croat 41085, MO); H (Erazo 130, MO); ES (Carlson 869, F); N (Nee y Stevens 27758, MO); CR (Khan et al. 772, CR); P (Oliver 351, K). 70-2200 m. (Nativa de Eurasia; cultivada en todo el mundo.)

Las hojas y raíces se utilizan como vegetales y es cultivada para la obtención de aceite de semilla. Rollins (2001) registra el ejemplar Moreno 2955 de Nicaragua, como Brassica juncea, sin embargo este ejemplar es B. rapa. Standley y Steyermark (1946) registraron B. pekinensis (Lour.) Rupr. como especie cultivada en Guatemala, sin embargo el nombre correcto de este taxon es B. rapa var. glabra Regel.

Source: [
• 2
• 17
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Herbs annual or biennial, 30-120(-190) cm tall, glabrous or sparsely pubescent basally, rarely glaucous, sometimes with fleshy taproots. Stems erect, simple or branched above. Basal and lowermost cauline leaves petiolate, not rosulate or obscurely to strongly rosulate and forming a compact, oblong head; petiole (1-)2-10(-17) cm, slender or thickened and fleshy, sometimes strongly winged; leaf blade ovate, oblong, or lanceolate in outline, (5-)10-40(-60) × 3-10(-20) cm, margin entire, repand, dentate, or sinuate, sometimes pinnatifid or pinnatisect and with a large terminal lobe and smaller, 1-6, oblong or ovate lateral lobes on each side of midvein. Upper cauline leaves sessile, ovate, oblong, or lanceolate, 2-8(-12) × 0.8-3 cm, base amplexicaul, deeply cordate, or auriculate, margin entire or repand. Fruiting pedicels, straight, ascending or divaricate, (0.5-)1-2.5(-3) cm. Sepals oblong, (3-)4-6.5(-8) × 1.5-2 mm, ascending. Petals bright yellow, rarely pale or whitish yellow, 7-10(-13) × (2.5-)3-6(-7) mm, obovate, apex rounded. Filaments 4-6(-7) mm; anthers oblong, 1.5-2 mm. Fruit linear, (2-)3-8(-11) cm × 2-4(-5) mm, terete, sessile, divaricate or ascending; valvular segment (1.3-)2-5(-7.5) cm, 8-15-seeded per locule, valves with a prominent midvein; terminal segment conical, (0.3-)1-2.5(-3.5) cm, seedless or rarely 1-seeded; style obsolete. Seeds dark or reddish brown, globose, 1-1.8 mm in diam., minutely reticulate. Fl. Mar-Jun, fr. Apr-Jul. 2n = 20*.

Source: [
• 15
]. 

Annuals or biennials; (roots fleshy or slender); (green to slightly glaucous), glabrous or sparsely hairy. Stems unbranched or branched distally, 3-10 dm. Basal leaves: petiole (winged), (1-)2-10(-17) cm; blade ± lyrate-pinnatifid to pinnate to pinnatisect, (5-)10-40(-60) cm × 30-100(-200) mm, (margins sinuate-dentate, sometimes ciliate), lobes 2-4(-6) each side, (terminal lobe oblong-obovate, obtuse, large, blade surfaces usually setose). Cauline leaves (middle and distal) sessile; base auriculate to amplexicaul, (margins subentire). Racemes not paniculately branched, (with open flowers overtopping or equal to buds). Fruiting pedicels ascending to spreading, (5-)10-25(-30) mm. Flowers: sepals (3-)4-6.5(-8) × 1.5-2 mm; petals deep yellow to yellow, obovate, 6-11(-13) × (2.5-)3-6(-7) mm, claw 3-7 mm, apex rounded; filaments 4-6(-7) mm; anthers 1.5-2 mm. Fruits ascending to somewhat spreading, torulose, terete, (2-)3-8(-11) cm × 2-4(-5) mm; valvular segment with 8-15 seeds per locule, (1.3-)2-5(-7.5) cm, terminal segment seedless, 8-22 mm. Seeds black, brown, or reddish, 1.1-2 mm diam.; seed coat very finely reticulate-lightly alveolate, not mucilaginous when wetted. 2n = 20.

Source: [
• 16
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Brassica rapa L., Sp. Pl. 666. 1753; B. campestris L.

Anuales con raíces axonomorfas, glabras o muy escasamente hirsutas, 2–10 dm de alto, tallos simples a ramificados. Hojas basales delgadas, pecioladas, más o menos lirado-pinnatífidas, lobos laterales 2–4, lobo terminal oblongo-ovado y sinuado-dentado, hojas caulinares inferiores similares a las hojas basales, pero tornándose sésiles y auriculadas hasta muy auriculadas, las caulinares superiores oblongas a ovado-lanceoladas y casi enteras. Pétalos 6–10 mm de largo, amarillos. Pedicelos de las silicuas algo gruesos, ascendentes, 1–2.5 cm de largo; silicuas ascendentes a moderadamente patentes, 3–7 cm de largo, rostro 8–15 mm de largo, atenuándose en un estilo delgado; semillas muy ligeramente alveoladas, ca 1.5 mm de diámetro.

Aparentemente poco frecuente y ruderal, en las zonas norcentral y pacífica; 100–1350 m; fl y fr sep–ene; Moreno 14331, Nee 27758; maleza ampliamente distribuida en áreas templadas, donde las semillas contaminan los granos básicos; su distribución nativa es desconocida. Una variedad de esta especie es el "Nabo".

Source: [
• 18
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Annual to 8 dm, green and sparsely setose-hispid, at least along the lf-margins and the midrib beneath; lower lvs petioled, pinnately ± lobed; upper lvs oblong to lanceolate, dentate or entire, sessile and clasping; fls 1 cm wide; mature pedicels widely ascending, 1–2 cm; frs ascending to suberect, terete or nearly so, 3–5 cm, the slender beak 8–15 mm; seeds 1.5–2 mm, minutely roughened; 2n=20.

Source: [
• 20
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Raiz: tipo tuberoso(s). Tallo: indumento híspido(s). Hoja: base amplexicaule(s); forma lirado(s) pinatifido(s); superficie(s) áspero(s) rugoso(s). Fruto: estilo(s) sin estilete; silicua(s) 6 a(s) 8 compr. (cm); valva(s) muy convexa(s); valva(s) estrangulado(s) entre a las semilla(s).

Source: [
• 1
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Raiz: tipo tuberoso(s). Caule: indumento híspido(s). Folha: base amplexicaule(s); formato lirado(s) pinatifido(s); superfície(s) áspero(s) rugoso(s). Fruto: estilete(s) sem estilete; síliqua(s) 6 a(s) 8 compr. (cm); valva(s) muito convexa(s); valva(s) estrangulado(s) entre às semente(s).

Source: [
• 1
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Root: type tuberous. Stem: indumentum hispid. Leaf: base amplexicaul; shape lyrate pinnatifid; surface rough rugose. Fruit: style astylous; silicle 6 to 8 long (cm); valve very convex; valve strangled between to the seed.

Source: [
• 1
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Annual or biennial herb with stout or tuberous tap-root.

Source: [
• 13
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Basal leaves stalked, bristly, lyrate-pinnatifid, upper ones sessile, amplexicaul, ± glaucous.

Source: [
• 13
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Flowers bright yellow, in terminal racemes.

Source: [
• 13
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Sepals spreading.

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• 13
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Petals 4, 6–10 mm. long.

Source: [
• 13
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Stamens 6.

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• 13
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Seeds 1–5–2 mm. in diam., blackish or reddish-brown.

Source: [
• 13
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Silique curved, erect, slightly flattened with a long, tapering beak.

Source: [
• 13
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Ovary with 20–30 ovules.

Source: [
• 14
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Siliquae linear, rarely on a gynophore, 40–100 mm. long, 2.5–4 mm. broad; beak 5–30 mm. long with 0–1 seed.

Source: [
• 14
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Seeds dark brown, globose, 1.0–1.5 mm. in diameter, with a fine distinct reticulum.

Source: [
• 14
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Anthers ± 2 mm. long.

Source: [
• 14
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Petals yellow, clawed, with obovate slightly emarginate blade, 6–11 mm. long.

Source: [
• 14
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Sepals yellow-green, spreading, 5–8 mm. long.

Source: [
• 14
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Racemes loosely corymbiform with open flowers overtopping the buds; in fruit very elongate; pedicels 10–30 mm. long.

Source: [
• 14
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Basal leaves ± indistinctly petioled, bright green, hispidulous, lyrate-pinnatipartite, dentate, crenate or sinuate; terminal lobe large, orbicular to ovate, obtuse, cordate; lateral lobes in up to 5 pairs, rather small, ovate to triangular; lower cauline leaves sessile, clasping, pinnatifid; upper cauline leaves ± glaucous, sessile, distinctly clasping, undivided (fiddle-shaped, narrowly triangular or lanceolate), entire to repand-dentate.

Source: [
• 14
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Stem erect, branched, glabrous or slightly hispid below (rarely higher up), up to 150 cm. high.

Source: [
• 14
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Annual or biennial herb with thin or stout, often fusiform to tuberous taproot.

Source: [
• 14
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30–100 cm hoch, verzweigt, am Grund fleischig verdickt. Blätter grün, untere gestielt, fiederschnittig, Endabschnitt gross, besonders unterseits behaart, obere sitzend, mit runden Zipfeln umfassend. Traube beim Aufblühen verkürzt, offene Blü

Source: [
• 19
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Annual or biennial herb. Upper stem leaves cordate at base, amplexicaul. Petals 6-10 mm long. Flowers yellow.

Source: [
• 21
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Annual or biennial herbs with slender or stout, tuberous taproots. Basal leaves lyrate-pinnatisect, ±5-jugate, petiolate, shortly hispid or setose, green; lobes dentate, the terminal lobe broadly ovate, lobulate. Upper stem leaves simple, obovate-oblong, ± cordate at the base, sessile, amplexicaul, glaucous, repand-dentate to entire, glabrous or nearly so. Racemes dense in flower, the open flowers generally overtopping the buds; lax in fruit. Flowers yellow, the petals 6-10 mm long. Fruiting pedicels spreading. Siliquae 3.5-6.5 cm long, 2-4 mm broad, linear; valves bulged by the seeds, 1-nerved, reticulately veined; beak 0.8-2 cm long, attenuate. Seeds 18-24, 1.2-1.7 mm in diameter, generally dark-coloured with a reticulate seed-coat.

Source: [
• 22
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Annual or biennial herb, up to 1.5 m high. Stems erect. Leaves basal ones petiolate, blade lyrate-pinnatisect, lobes dentate, terminal lobe broadly ovate, lobulate, sparsely hispid; upper leaves sessile, simple, blade obovate-oblong, base amplexicaul, glabrous. Flowers: in dense racemes; petals 6-10 mm long, yellow; Nov.-Feb. Fruit with pedicels spreading; siliquae 35-65 x 2-4 mm, reticulately veined, beak 8-20 mm long, attenuate.

Source: [
• 23
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Erva

4–5. Äcker, Schuttplätze, kultiviert und verwildert, kollin-montan(-subalpin).

Source: [
• 19
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Terrícola

Disturbed places.

Source: [
• 21
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Mesic Grassland. Disturbed places.

Source: [
• 23
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Native to Asia.

Source: [
• 23
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