1. Rosa chinensis Jacq., Observ. Bot. 3: 7 (1768). Tipo: no conocido. Ilustr.: Wu et al., Fl. China Ill. 9: t. 148, f. 4-7 (2004).
Por F.R. Barrie.
Arbustos hasta c. 2 m; ramitas verdes a púrpura-pardas, esparcidamente puberulentas o glabrescentes; aguijones 5-7 mm, esparcidos a abundantes, recurvados, aplanados. Hojas ternadas o pinnadas; folíolos 3-7; folíolo terminal 3-5 × 2-3.5 cm, elíptico, verde, puberulento o glabrescente, la base cuneada o redondeada, los márgenes serrados, el ápice acuminado; folíolos laterales similares pero más pequeños, 2.5-4 × 1.5-3 cm; pecíolo 2-5 cm; inermes o con aguijones esparcidos, 2-3 mm, estípulas adnatas al pecíolo, los márgenes glandular-ciliados, el ápice auriculado. Inflorescencias terminales, con 4 o 5 flores o rara vez las flores solitarias. Flores 5-9 cm de diámetro, blancas, amarillas, rosadas, rojas o color púrpura, débilmente fragantes o no fragantes; hipanto ovoide o piriforme, verde, glabro; sépalos 2-9 cm, lanceolados, tomentosos adaxialmente, el ápice atenuado; pétalos numerosos, 2-4 × 1.5-4 cm, obovados; estambres pocos a numerosos, algunos o todos remplazados por pétalos; estilos libres, casi 1/2 de la longitud de los estambres. Frutos 1-2 cm de diámetro, piriformes u ovoides, rojos, glabros. Cultivada, naturalizada. B (Balick et al. 2333, MO); G (Véliz 94.3777, MO); H (Molina R. 34136, MO); N (Hernández 30, MO). 0-1400 m. (China; ampliamente cultivada en el resto del mundo.)
Generalmente plantada como ornamental. Standley y Steyermark (1946: 471) registraron Rosa chinensis naturalizada en Guatemala, particularmente en vertientes hacia el océano Pacífico.
Shrubs erect, 1–2 m tall. Branchlets purple-brown, terete, robust, subglabrous; prickles abundant to absent, curved, stout, flat. Leaves including petiole 5–11 cm; stipules mostly adnate to petiole, free parts auriculate, margin entire, often glandular-pubescent, apex acuminate; rachis and petiole sparsely prickly and glandular-pubescent; leaflets 3–5, rarely 7, greenish abaxially, dark green adaxially, broadly ovate or ovate-oblong, 2.5–6 × 1–3 cm, both surfaces subglabrous, adaxially often shiny, base subrounded or broadly cuneate, margin acutely serrate, apex long acuminate or acuminate. Flowers 4 or 5 and fasciculate, rarely solitary, slightly fragrant or not, 4–5 cm in diam.; pedicel 2.5–6 cm, subglabrous or glandular-pubescent; bracts 1–3, linear, glabrous, margin glandular or entire, apex acute. Hypanthium ovoid-globose or pyriform, glabrous. Sepals 5, deciduous, ovate, sometimes leaflike, abaxially glabrous, adaxially densely villous, margin entire or few pinnately lobed, rarely entire, apex caudate. Petals 5, semi-double or double, red, pink, white, or purple, obovate, base cuneate, apex emarginate. Styles free, exserted, nearly equaling stamens, pubescent. Hip red, ovoid or pyriform, 1–2 cm in diam., glabrous. Fl. Apr–Sep, fr. Jun–Nov. 2n = 21*, 28*.
Rosa chinensis Jacq., Observ. Bot. 3: 7. 1768; R. montezumae Bertol.
Arbustos erectos perennifolios, comúnmente espinosos. Hojas con 37 folíolos ovado-acuminados, serrulados, glabros y lustrosos. Flores en corimbos o solitarias, pedicelos glabros o ligeramente glandulosos; pétalos ca 2 cm de largo, blancos, rosados o rojos. Fruto 1.52 cm de largo, café.
Cultivada como ornamental; fl y fr probablemente durante todo el año; Cardenal 8, Guzmán 33; nativa de China, ampliamente cultivada.
Erect shrub. Prickles curved or almost absent. Leaves evergreen, leaflets 3-5(-7), deep green and ± shining above, paler beneath, normally glabrous. Stipules very narrow, with lanceolate, erect or slightly divergent auricles. Flowers solitary or several in short panicles, usually double, white to red on long smooth or glandular-stalked pedicels, sepals entire, with long filiform apex, ascending or patent after flowering, deciduous. Styles long, free, (?)glabrous, distinctly protruding through the narrow orifice. Fruit ovoid to pyriform, smooth.
Shrub with ± hooked prickles or nearly unarmed. Leaflets (3–)5(–7) ovate-oblong, acuminate, serrate, glabrous. Stipules adnate to the petiole, narrow, glandular-ciliate. Flowers corymbose, rarely solitary, single or double, 5 cm across. Pedicel 5–10 cm long, ± glandular. Calyx lobes narrowly triangular, ± leafy and serrate at the apex and ± divided near the base Petals pink or red, not or slightly fragrant. Styles free, exserted. Fruit pear-shaped, 15–20 mm long.
China. Cultivated in India, Indochina, and various other regions. Originally described from cultivated specimens.
