The World Flora Online

Rhizomes shortly or long creeping, scaly at apex and stipe bases; scales brownish, broadly lanceolate. Fronds approximate or caespitose; fertile fronds (3.5-)20-35(-49) cm; stipe brown at base, upper part stramineous or chestnut-colored, usually shorter than lamina, nearly 1/3-2/3 as long as lamina, occasionally slender and slightly longer than lamina when plant in crevices, 5-14(-20) cm, (0.2-)1-1.5 mm in diam., with sparse, shiny scales; lamina usually 2-pinnate to 2-pinnate-pinnatifid, occasionally pinnate or 3-pinnate, lanceolate to broadly lanceolate, 17-28 × (0.8-)4-5(-8) cm, shortly acuminate at apex; pinnae 12-15 pairs, ascending, basal 1 or 2 pairs slightly shortened, or nearly not shortened, ovate to ovate-lanceolate, (0.4-)2-4(-7) × (0.2-)1-2.5 cm, obtuse or shortly acuminate, toothed at apex, subopposite, subsessile, widely separated from each other, usually 1-2 × as long as wide, 1.5-4.5 cm apart, base parallel to rachis on acroscopic side, ± cuneate on basiscopic side; pinnules 5-7 pairs, ovate or oblong, acroscopic side truncate, basiscopic side cuneate at base, sessile or shortly stalked, entire or toothed at margin, or pinnatifid, rounded or obtuse and toothed at apex; middle pinnae similar to lower pinnae, but slightly longer, separated from each other by 1.2-2.5 cm, subopposite or alternate, subsessile; upper pinnae pinnatipartite, toothed only on apices and acroscopic margin; veins pinnate, costules slightly tortuous, terminating in entire teeth. Lamina herbaceous when dried, green or yellow-green. Rachis and costae, especially their bases, ± with sparse unicellular to long multicellular hairs, even with few scale hairs. Sori small, orbicular, medial on veins, 2-4 pairs per pinnule, 1 or 2 sori at acroscopic side in upper pinnules; indusia pale green or brownish, ovate to lanceolate, membranous. Spores dark brown, perispore surface with regular, denser spines. 2n = 84*, 168, 252, 336.

Source: [
• 3
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Stems creeping, not cordlike, internodes short, beset with old petiole bases, hairs absent; scales tan to light brown, lanceolate, radial walls thin, luminae tan. Leaves monomorphic, clustered at stem apex, to 40 cm, nearly all bearing sori. Petiole dark at base, mostly green to straw-colored distally, shorter than or nearly equaling blade, base sparsely scaly. Blade lanceolate to narrowly elliptic, 1(--2)-pinnate-pinnatifid, widest at or just below middle, apex acute; rachis and costae lacking gland-tipped hairs or bulblets; axils of pinnae lacking multicellular, gland-tipped hairs. Pinnae usually perpendicular to rachis, not curving toward blade apex, margins serrate to sharply dentate; proximal pinnae pinnatifid to pinnate-pinnatifid, ± equilateral, basiscopic pinnules not enlarged; basal basiscopic pinnules sessile, base truncate to obtuse, distal pinnae deltate to ovate. Veins directed mostly into teeth. Indusia ovate to lanceolate, without gland-tipped hairs. Spores spiny or verrucate, usually 39--60 µm. 2 n = 168, 252.

Source: [
• 4
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Cystopteris fragilis (L.) Bernh., Neues J. Bot. 1(2): 27. 1805; Polypodium fragile L. Fig. 40 A–C.

Rizoma compac­to, cortamente rastrero, 2–4 mm de diámetro, con escamas lanceoladas, enteras, café lustrosas; hojas fasciculadas, 2-pinnadas a 3-pinnado-pinnatífidas, hasta 50 cm de largo, pecíolo en sección transversal con dos haces vasculares; lámina ovado-lanceolada, hasta 35 cm de largo y 15 cm de ancho, herbácea, opaca, con 1 ó 2 pares de pinnas proximales algo reducidas; raquis glabro o con tricomas glandu­lares; pinnas 7–17 pares, 1–4 cm de largo; últimos seg­men­tos oblongos; nervios libres, terminando en dientes o en pequeñas emarginaciones; soros redon­dos, indusio apicalmente subentero o lacerado, glabro.

Nebliselvas, bosques de pino-encinos o bosques secos; Williams 23898; 1500 m; norte y oeste de Norte América hasta Chile  y Brasil, Antillas Mayores e Islas Juan Fernán­dez, Europa, áfrica, Asia y Hawaii. Esta especie crece en poblaciones grandes, sobre taludes, rocas o pare­des húmedas. Sus poblaciones presentan gran varia­ción feno­típica, a veces crece en poblaciones mixtas con especies de Adiantum o de Anogramma. EN

Source: [
• 5
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Lvs glabrous or inconspicuously glandular, in a small cluster on a short, densely scaly rhizome, 0.5–3.5(–4) dm, the dark brown (or distally greenish) petiole shorter than or to as long as the blade; blade mostly 3.5–20(–25) × 1.5–8 cm, (2–)2.5–4(–5) times as long as wide, 2–3 times pinnate, with 8–18 pairs of pinnae (the members of a pair often offset, especially the distal pairs), the lowest pair equaling or generally a little smaller than the next pair, the upper ones gradually reduced so that the blade tapers into a narrow tip; veins typically directed to the teeth of the pinnules, but the tooth sometimes apically slightly indented so that the vein ends in a small sinus; indusium pale, not glandular; 2n=188 in ours. Moist, mostly wooded slopes and ledges in circumneutral soil; circumboreal, s. in our range to Va. and Mo.

Source: [
• 7
]. 

Rhizome short-creeping, not protruding past youngest leaves; rhizome scales brown, lanceolate, lustrous, entire, mixed with fine hairs; fronds clumped; stipe (2-)4-20 cm long, ½-1/3 the frond length, stramineous to reddish-brown at base, some scales at base, glabrous or with scattered glandular hairs; blade (6-)9-20 cm long, (2.5-)4-8 cm wide, bipinnate to tripinnate-pinnatifid, ovate-lanceolate with lowermost 1-2 pairs of pinnae slightly shortened, apex pinnatifid; rachis glabrous to pubescent with glandular hairs; pinnae 7-15 pairs, 1-4 cm long, more than two cells thick; veins ending in small emargination (or in teeth); indusia glabrous with subentire to lacerate apex.

Source: [
• 9
]. 

Rhizomes short-creeping, not protruding past youngest leaves; rhizome scales brown, lanceolate, lustrous, membranous, entire, mixed with fine hairs; fronds to 47 cm long, clumped; stipes 1/3-1/2 the frond length, stramineous, often reddish brown and with scales at bases, glabrous or with scattered glandular hairs; blades (6-)9-20 x (2.5-)4-8 cm, bipinnate to tripinnate-pinnatifid, ovate-lanceolate with proximal 1-2 pairs of pinnae slightly shortened; rachises glabrous to pubescent with glandular hairs; pinnae 7-15 pairs, 1-4 cm long, thin, but more than 2 cells thick; segments oblong, 1.5-4 mm wide; veins ending in small emargination or in teeth; indusia glabrous with subentire to lacerate apices; 2n=168 (Chis).

Source: [
• 10
]. 

Rizom kısa, çok dallanmış, kahverengi, üzeri pullu; pullar mızraksı, sipsivri uçlu, yaprak sapının yaklaşık 3 cm yukarısına kadar pullu. Yapraklar yaklaşık 4-40 cm, çok sayıda, 2 teleksi, yaprak sapı uzunluğu ayanın 3/4’ü kadar ya da eşit uzunlukta; aya 3,5-15 × 3-5 cm, mızraksı; telekler kısa saplı, almaşlı, yaprak ucuna doğru küçülen boyutta, alttaki daha büyük olanlar 20- 40 × 10-14 mm; telekçikler 3-10 × 3-6 mm, derin loblu ya da derin teleksi, yumurtamsı ya da dikdörtgensi.

Blätter 10–40 cm lang, Stiel kürzer als die Spreite, diese lanzettlich-oval, 2–3mal so lang wie breit, 2–3fach gefiedert, meist kahl. Sori rund. Schleier eiförmig, nur an einer Stelle unter den Sporangien angewachsen, die Sori blasenartig umschlies

Source: [
• 6
]. 

Rhizome shortly creeping, dictyostelic, set with lanceolate brown rhizome scales. Stipe stramineous to castaneous. Lamina herbaceous, 2- to 4-pinnatifid, glabrous, veins free. Sori dorsal on veins, round, without paraphyses. Indusia peltate. Spores reniform, smooth.

Source: [
• 8
]. 

Rhizomatous perennial. Fronds erect, to 30 cm long, stipe sparsely scaled, lamina thinly herbaceous, oblong-lanceolate, 3- or 4-pinnatifid, to 15 cm long, ultimate segments obtusely dentate. Sori circular, indusium at receptacle base scale-like, lacerate.

Source: [
• 11
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7–9. Felsen, Felsschutt, Mauern, auf Kalk, kollin-alpin. CH.

Source: [
• 6
]. 

In moist shaded habitats.

Source: [
• 8
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Moist cliffs and rocks, 1300-2100 m.

Source: [
• 11
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Moist shaded habitats predominantly in the summer-rainfall area, from altitudes of about 1300 m.

Source: [
• 12
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Terrestrial, often on or among rocks; 1400-3400 m; Centro, Ixtlán, Juquila, Miahuatlán, Mixe, Pochutla, Sola de Vega, Teotitlán, Tlacolula, Tlaxiaco, Villa Alta; 1050-3400 m. Mexico (BC, Chih, Coah, Dgo, Sin, Nay, Jal, Mich, Gro, SLP, Mex, DF, Mor, NL, SLP, Hgo, Ver, Pue, Oax, Chis); Canada, US; Guat to Pan; Gr Antill; Col & Ven, to Chile & Arg; Europe, Africa, Asia.

Source: [
• 9
]. 

Worcester to Ladismith and S to E Africa, pan-boreal.

Source: [
• 11
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Eastern Cape Province, Transkei, Lesotho, Natal, Transvaal, Zaire, Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Ethiopia, Sudan, Cameroun, Morocco, Cape Verde Islands, Fernando Po, Reunion, Comoro Islands; panboreal from Mexico to Sri Lanka.

Source: [
• 12
].