The World Flora Online

Plants 70-110 cm tall. Rhizome erect, robust, 2-2.5 cm in diam., woody, apex densely clothed with brown scales. Fronds clustered; stipe light brown, apically straw-colored to pale green, slightly lustrous, 40-60 cm, 3-5 mm in diam., glabrous, scaly, rarely with a few scales, adaxially narrowly grooved; rachis straw-colored, glabrous, narrowly grooved adaxially; lamina 2- or 3-pinnatipartite, oblong-ovate in outline, 40-55 × 20-30 cm; lateral pinnae 8-10 pairs, decumbent, opposite, lower ones shortly stalked, 3-5 cm apart; upper ones sessile, broadly lanceolate, 15-20 × 3-5.5 cm, base broadly cuneate, pectinately divided to broadly winged costa (to 8 mm wide), apex narrowly lanceolate and caudate (2-3 cm); basal pair of pinnae often each with 1 or sometimes 2 basiscopic pinnules similar to main part of pinna but smaller; segments 20-25 pairs, alternate, subspreading, sinuses obtuse-rounded, 2-5 mm apart, falcate, broadly lanceolate to falcate-oblong, 18-35 × 5-7 mm, base slightly enlarged, margins entire, apex slightly narrow and obtuse; terminal pinna similar to middle lateral pinnae, stalked (ca. 1.5 cm); costae prominent abaxially, straw-colored, glabrous, slightly grooved adaxially, with short spines on both sides; veins slightly raised, conspicuous on both surfaces, acroscopic veinlet of lobe base and a basiscopic veinlet of upper lobe base combining to form an arcuate vein, anastomosing to form a series of narrow areoles along costules, with 5 or 6 free veinlets extending to margin at arcuate vein, and a majority of veinlets outward from areole usually 2-forked; lamina gray-green, thickly papery when dried, glabrous. Indusia light brown, membranous, entire, persistent.

Source: [
• 4
]. 

2. Pteris biaurita L., Sp. Pl. 1076 (1753). Lectotipo (designado por Proctor, 1977): Plumier, Descr. Pl. Amér. t. 14 (1693).

Por R.C. Moran.

Litobrochia galeottii Fée.

Rizoma suberecto; hojas 0.6-1.3 m; pecíolo tan largo como la lámina o ligeramente más largo que ella, generalmente glabro o con unas pocas escamas en la base, inerme, pajizo a pardo claro; lámina 20-35 cm de ancho, 1-pinnado-pinnatífida, la base truncada; pinnas basales 1-pinnatífidas adelante de las pínnulas basales, la pínnula basal basiscópica alargada, pinnatisecta; pinnas suprabasales 5-12 pares, 2.5-5 cm de ancho, pinnatisectas, la base sésil; últimos segmentos ligeramente falcados, el ápice redondeado, subentero; raquis y costas glabros sobre ambas superficies, inermes, pajizos a pardo claro, aristados adaxialmente, las aristas c. 0.5 mm, firmes; nervaduras areoladas sólo a lo largo de la costa, pero no a lo largo de las cóstulas, libres desde las aréolas hasta el margen, con 1 aréola entre cóstulas adyacentes. Bosques abiertos, orillas de bosques, entre rocas en áreas expuestas. Ch (Breedlove y Smith 22573, F); B (Stolze, 1981: 448); G (Standley 79343, F); H (Stolze, 1981: 450); ES (Seiler 921, F); N (Smith 2125, F); CR (Skutch 3921, MO); P (Nee 10757, MO). 200-1000 m. (S. México, Mesoamérica, Colombia, Venezuela, Guayanas, Ecuador, Perú, Bolivia, S. Brasil, Antillas, Paleotrópicos.)

Source: [
• 5
• 3
]. 

Pteris biaurita L., Sp. Pl. 1076. 1753. Fig. 119 C, D.Rizoma suberecto, con escamas bicoloras fimbria­das; hojas 0.5–1 m de largo; pecíolo 1/3–1/2 de la longitud de la hoja, pajizo, mayormente glabro; lámina mayormente 2-pinnado-pinnatífida, con una pinna terminal conforme, el par de pinnas más proxi­males se bifurca produciendo una pínnula basal basis­cópica sésil y profundamente pinnatífida, casi de la misma longitud que la pinna de la cual se originó o hasta un poco más corta; pinnas todas sésiles ex­cepto por el par más proximal que es largamente pediculado, bases ampliamente cuneadas, ápices larga­mente caudado-lineares y enteros; últimos segmen­tos con ápices obtusos, márgenes enteros, adaxialmente gla­bros, aba­xialmente con pocos trico­mas diminutos; aristas ca 0.3 mm de largo; nervios mayor­mente libres, sólo una aréola entre las cóstulas adyacen­tes, los nervios que se originan de las cóstu­las llegan bifurcados a los márgenes de los segmentos, los nervios que se originan de la aréola llegan hasta el seno sin bifurcarse; paráfisis presen­tes. Bosques húmedos; Grijalva 1672, Neill 3242; 0–600 m; México a Bolivia y sur de Brasil, las Antillas. VU

Source: [
• 6
]. 

Terrestrial fern, 1-1.5 m tall. Rhizome erect, woody, closely invested with stipe bases and densely clothed at apex with small triangular-ovate scales, these 1.5-3 mm long, bicolorous with glossy black, triangular-attenuate midrib and broad, pale, delicately clathrate, lacerate-ciliate margins. Fronds densely clustered, suberect, 0.6-1.5 m long; stipes stout, to 5 mm diam., strawcolored, grooved adaxially, naked except for a few bicolorous scales at base. Blades oblong or triangular-oblong, to 40 cm broad, 1-pinnate-pinnatisect, the basal pinnae forked; rachis glabrate and naked except for minute glandular papillae in the upper surface groove at axils of pinnae; pinnae 5-15 pairs, opposite, sessile or nearly so, all but the basal 2-partite ones, narrowly oblong lanceolate to lanceolate-attenuate, broader on the basiscopic side; segments mostly 15-22 pairs, narrowly oblong to linear, 1-3 x 0.3-0.5 cm, joined by a costal wing 2-3 mm broad on either side, the fertile ones separated by round sinuses; veins prominulous, the basal ones joined by a narrow costal arc with several excurrent simple branches, the others free, usually once-forked; tissue thin herbaceous, light green, somewhat translucent. Indusium pale, 0.3-0.5 mm wide, with entire margin.

Source: [
• 8
]. 

Rhizome scales 2-2.5 mm long, 1.0-1.2 mm wide, bicolorous, center black, heavily sclerified, margin wide, brown, fringed; fronds 60-100 cm long; stipe stramineous, glabrous with occasional trichomidia; blade pinnate-pinnatifid, one ba-siscopic pinnule per basal pinna; pinnae sessile; segments to 5 cm wide, 17-20 cm long, ultimate ones entire, obtuse, upper surface glabrous, lower surface glabrous except for occasional trichomidia 0.1 mm long; rachis awns reduced to cluster of papillae, 0.1-0.3 mm long; pinna awns lanceolate 0.1-0.3 mm, strongly decurrent, forming flange on either side of mid vein, 0.1 mm wide; veins free (or casually anastomosing) except for costal areole, one between costules; indusium 0.5-0.8 mm wide, entire; sporangia mixed with 0.3-0.5 mm long paraphyses; spores reddish-brown.

Source: [
• 9
]. 

Rhizomes suberect, moderately stout; rhizome scales 2–2.5 x 1–1.2 mm, bicolorous, centers black, heavily sclerified, margins wide, brown, fringed; fronds 60–100 cm long; stipes 1/3–1/2 the frond length, stramineous, glabrous with occasional trichomidia; blades pinnate-pinnatifid, with one exaggerated basiscopic pinnule per basal pinna; pinnae sessile; segments to 17–20 x 5 cm, ultimate ones entire, obtuse, adaxial surfaces glabrous, abaxial surfaces glabrous except for occasional trichomidia 0.1 mm long; pinna awns lanceolate 0.1–0.3 mm; veins generally free except for single costal areoles between adjacent costules; indusia 0.5– 0.8 mm wide, entire; sporangia mixed with paraphyses 0.3–0.5 mm long; spores reddish brown; n=2n=58 (Jam), 87 (several Old World).

Source: [
• 10
]. 

Rhizome erect, woody, closely invested with stipe bases and densely clothed at apex with small deltate-ovate scales 1.5-3 mm long, these bicolorous with glossy black, deltate-attenuate midrib and broad, pale, delicately clathrate, lacerate-ciliate margins. Fronds densely clustered, suberect, 0,6-1.5 m long; stipes stout (to 5 mm diam. or more), straw-colored, grooved adaxially, naked except for a few bicolorous scales at extreme base. Blades oblong or deltate-oblong, up to 40 cm broad, 1-pinnate-pinnatisect, the basal pinnae forked; rhachis glabrate and naked except for minute glandular papillae in the adaxial groove at axils of pinnae; pinnae 5-15 pairs, opposite, sessile or nearly so, all but the basal 2-partite ones narrowly oblong-lanceolate to lance-attenuate, broader on the basiscopic side; segments mostly 15-22 pairs, narrowly oblong to linear, 1-3 cm long, 3-5 mm wide at the middle, joined by a costal wing 2-3 mm broad on either side, the fertile ones separated by rounded sinuses; veins prominulous, the basal ones joined by a nanow costal arc with several excunent simple branches, the others free, usually onceforked; tissue thin-herbaceous, light green, somewhat translucent, Indusium pale, 0.3-0.5 mm wide, with entire margin.

Source: [
• 11
]. 

Rhizome short, erect, bearing a few fronds in a tuft, densely scaly at apex; scales up to 5 by 0.5 mm, nearly black margined by pale ferrugineous edges with toothed margin. Stipe up to 50 cm long, dark brown and scaly at apex, deeply bipinnatifid, up to 60 cm or more in length, 30 cm wide. Pinnae opposite or nearly so, up to 12 pairs, ascending, linear-lanceolate, broadly cuneate at base, gradually narrowing towards acuminate apex, up to 20 by 5 cm, deeply lobed to ⅚ way towards costa, basal pinnae bearing a long basiscopic pinnule just like lateral ones; ultimate segments oblong, falcate, rounded or moderately acute at apex, with rounded sinus, up to 7 mm broad, firm, green, glabrous; basal veinlets uniting with those of opposite groups forming arches close to costa, bearing a few branches on posterior side, the other veinlets forked, all free. Sori marginal, usually continuous along segments except at bottom of sinus and at apex; indusia thin, pale.

Source: [
• 12
]. 

Rizoma erecto con escamas clatradas, bicoloras de 0.5-3.5 mm de longitud, de color café-rojizo hacia la base y parte media, negro hacia el ápice con margen fibroso amarillo-dorado. Hojas de hasta 1 m de longitud. Pecíolo generalmente de igual longitud que la lámina, completamente glabro y de color amarillo paja. Lámina 1- hasta 2-pinnada-pinnatífida hacia la base; las pinnas básales se dividen para formar una pínnula basal inferior. Pinnas opuestas sobre el raquis con pecíolos muy cortos hasta sésiles; pinna terminal generalmente de mayor tamaño que las demás y con tejido foliar decurrente hasta el par de pinnas próximo (el resto de las pinnas sin tejido decurrente). Penúltimos segmentos escasamente pubescentes sobre ambas superficies con ápices de hasta 5 cm de longitud, profundamente pinnatífidos. Últimos segmentos en general de diferente longitud (aun dentro de la misma pinna), aquellos en posición basiscópica con respecto a la lámina son siempre de mayor longitud que aquellos en posición acroscópica, margen estéril ondulado-crenado y ápice obtuso; aristas largas sobre el lado superior de las costas; venación parcialmente reticulada con una única areola paralela a la costa entre costulas adyacentes, el resto de las venas se encuentran libres y salen directamente de la costula hacia el margen, donde se unen todas en un delgado cordón marginal, las venas que salen de la areola intercostular muy raras veces forman una fila de areolas antes de convergir al seno; indusio entero, parafisos ausentes.

Hoja: base de la cóstula(s) adaxial con/apéndice(s); lámina(s) 1 o 2 pinado(s) pinatifida(s) à pinatisecta(s); número de aréola(s) entre 2 cóstula(s) adyacente(s) 1; pinas basal(es) furcada(s); pinas mediana(s) pinatifida(s); raquis no/alada(s); venación parcialmente areolada(s). Esporangio: indusio presente(s)/falso(s). Esporo: tipo trilete.

Source: [
• 1
]. 

Leaf: base of the costule adaxial with/appendix; blade 1 or 2 pinnate pinnatifid to pinnatisect; number of the areole between 2 costule adjacent 1; pinae basal furcate; pinae median pinnatifid; rachis not/winged; venation partly adnate areolate. Sporangium: indusium present/false. Spore: type trilete.

Source: [
• 1
]. 

Folha: base da cóstula(s) adaxial com/apêndice(s); lâmina(s) 1 ou 2 pinado(s) pinatifida(s) à pinatissecta(s); número de aréola(s) entre 2 cóstula(s) adjacente(s) 1; pinas basal(ais) furcada(s); pinas mediana(s) pinatifida(s); raque não/alada(s); venação parcialmente areolada(s). Esporângio: indúsio presente(s)/falso(s). Esporo: tipo trilete.

Source: [
• 1
]. 

Erva

On mountain slopes in light shade or in lower montane forests at altitudes below 1400 m, usually a lowland species.

Source: [
• 12
]. 

Terrícola

Occasional on ground of moist forest. Cinnamon Bay Trail (A4230). Also on St. Croix and St. Thomas; pantropical.

Source: [
• 8
]. 

Along river banks in wet lowland forests; Pochutla; 350 m. Mexico (Nay, Oax, Chis); Guat to Pan; WI, Trin; Col to Gui, to Peru & Braz; Old World tropics.

Source: [
• 9
]. 

Along river banks in wet lowland forests, lower montane rain forests, tropical deciduous forests, montane cloud forests, in ravines; 350–800 m. Mexico; Guat, Bel, Hond, Salv, Nic, CR, Pan; Gr & L Ant; Col, Ven, Trin, Guy, Sur, Fr Gui, Ec, Peru, s Braz, Bol; Old World tropics.

Source: [
• 10
]. 

Pantropical. Distribution in Puerto Rico. Probably occurs rather widely, but not often collected; recorded only from Las Marias, Maricao, and Penuelas. Virgin Islands. St. Croix, St. Thomas, and St. John. Habitat. Moist shaded banks, thickets, hollows, and ravines at low to middle elevations (65-470 m), rare to locally frequent.

Source: [
• 11
]. 

Pantropic (type from tropical America).

Source: [
• 12
].