The World Flora Online

Bejuco rastrero o trepador, monoico; tallos 5–10-surcados, los zarcillos birramificados. Hojas simples, 10–20 X 10–20 cm, ampliamente cordadas a reniformes, no lobuladas o leve y palmadamente 3–7-lobuladas, de 164 Manual de Plantas de Costa Rica otra forma denticuladas, sin glándulas laminares (pero el pecíolo con pequeñas glándulas pareadas distalmente). Infls. de 1 fl. solitaria. Fls. con el hipanto angostamente campanu- lado o infundibuliforme; sépalos 5; pétalos 5, blancos, separados, 25–47 mm; estambres (fls. estaminadas) 3, los filamentos separados; anteras separadas o ligeramente conni- ventes, convolutas; estaminodios (fls. pistiladas) 3, incons- picuos; estilo 1, corto, grueso; estigmas 3, carnosos. Frs. maduros blancuzcos a amarillentos, ca. 10–100 cm, muy variables en forma, leñosos, lisos, indehiscentes, con 3 pla- centas; semillas numerosas, horizontales, ovoide-oblongoides a rectanguloides, aplanadas, bidentadas en el ápice.

Annual, climber or trailer. Tendril 2-fid. Stem densely hairy. Leaves palmate, broadly ovate, reniform or sub-orbicular, cordate, obscurely 3-5-lobed, lobes rounded, 3.0-23 x 4-23 cm; petiole 2.7-13 cm long with a pair of small apical lateral conical glands. Both male and female flowers solitary; male penduncle as long as petiole, female somewhat shorter. Corolla white, petals of male flower obovate, apiculate, 2.7-4.5 cm long, 1.8-3.7 cm broad. Staminal filaments 3-4 mm long; anthers oblong, coherent, included; thecae triplicate. Petals of female flowers c. 30 x 24 mm. Ovary ovoid, villous, 11-17 mm long, 6-8 mm across. Fruit large, subglobose, ellipsoid, lageniform, sometimes biventricose, green or greenish-yellow, hairy, indehiscent. Seeds white, oblong, compressed, slightly tapered, slightly 2-horned on the shoulders, 7-20 mm long.

Terrícola

Liana/volúvel/trepadeira

Young fruits and shoots are eaten as vegetables; mature fruits were formerly used as containers.

World-wide cultivated; Chile (type).

Robust climber or trailer to 5 m long; stem ridged, 2–5 mm diam., glabrescent. Probract absent. Tendrils 2-branched. Leaves: blade reniform suborbicular or ovate in outline, unlobed or obscurely 3–9-lobed, 5–30 cm diam., soft-hairy, cystoliths not obvious, base cordate, margin (sparsely) finely dentate, apex obtuse or acute; petiole 4–20 cm long, laterally at apex with 2 small (raised) glands. Male flowers: pedicel 40–300 mm long; perianth 40–60(–120) mm diam.; receptacle-tube (long-)campanulate, slightly bulbous at base, 10–15 mm long, soft-hairy; sepals spaced, narrowly triangular or linear, ca 5 mm long; petals broadly obovate, 20–40(–50) by (10–)15–35 mm, soft-hairy, margin (sub)entire; stamens inserted below halfway in the receptacle tube; anthers forming a ± elongate whole; filaments free, 2–3 mm long, glabrous; disc gland- like, at base of tube. Female flowers: pedicel 5–7 mm long; ovary cylindrical, reversed flask shaped or obovoid, 10–20 mm long, villose; receptacle-tube 2–3 mm long; sepals and petals similar to male flowers but somewhat smaller. Fruit solitary, ellipsoid or variously flask-shaped, often with a long ‘neck’, (6–)10–80 cm long, up to 200 mm wide, glabrescent; fruiting pedicel 5–10 cm long. Seeds subtruncate at both ends, (17–)10–20(–25) mm long, pale brown, ± 2-horned on the broader end, faces shallowly sculptured with two submarginal ridges.

Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 3: 435. 1930; Cucurbita lagenaria L.; C. siceraria Molina; L. vulgaris Ser.

Plantas anuales, trepadoras, herbáceas, robustas; monoicas. Hojas ampliamente ovadas o reniformes, 3–25 cm de largo y ancho, ampliamente cordadas, sinuado-denticuladas, suavemente pubescentes, no lobadas o cortamente 5–7-palmatilobadas, los lobos redondeados, acuminados, apiculados; pecíolos 3–12 cm de largo, crespo-pubescentes, glandulosos en ambos lados en el ápice, las glándulas pequeñas, verdes, lustrosas, recurvadas; zarcillos 2-ramificados. Flores solitarias, abriéndose por la tarde; flores estaminadas en pedicelos vellosos y de 6–30 cm de largo, hipanto obcónico, 11–20 mm de largo, verde, sépalos 5, triangular-lanceolados a lanceolados, 3–11 mm de largo, agudos, pétalos 5, 2.5–4.7 cm de largo, libres, ampliamente obovados, blancos con nervios verdes, estambres 3, insertos en el hipanto, libres, tecas convolutas; flores pistiladas en pedicelos de 2–10 cm de largo, hipanto muy corto, perianto similar al de las flores estaminadas, ovario globoso a elipsoide, velloso, 10–35 mm de largo, placentas 3, óvulos numerosos, horizontales, estigmas 3. Fruto usualmente grande, globoso a cilíndrico, frecuentemente lageniforme o biventricoso, comúnmente 10–100 cm de largo y 10–30 cm de ancho, verde, tornándose amarillo y de cáscara dura cuando maduro, liso, indehiscente; semillas numerosas, variables en forma y ornamentación, oblongas en su forma general, algo comprimidas, usualmente con 2 crestas faciales longitudinales, 7–20 mm de largo.

Rara en bosques perennifolios y en cultivos, zona atlántica; 280 m; fl y fr may; Barrett 293, Grijalva 3846; planta cultivada probablemente originaria de Africa tropical, pero pantropical desde tiempos prehistóricos. Los frutos jóvenes se comen como vegetales, los maduros se utilizan como recipientes y otros utensilios o como instrumentos musicales por su resonancia. Género con ca 6 especies de Africa tropical. "Ñambira".

C. Heiser. Variation in the Bottle Gourd. In: B.J. Meggers, E.S. Ayensu y W.D. Duckworth. Tropical Forest Ecosystems in Africa and South America: A comparative review. 121–128. 1973.

Female flowers on ± 60–70 mm. long stalks; ovary ovoid, villous, 11–17 mm. long, 6–8 mm. across; receptacle-tube ± 2.5 mm. long; lobes acute, ± 3–3.5 mm. long; petals ± 30 mm. long and 24 mm. broad. Male flowers solitary on 75–310 mm. long peduncles; receptacle-tube funnel-shaped, slightly bulbous at the base, pubescent, 11–16 mm. long; lobes linear to triangular, 3–7 mm. long; petals white, opening in the evening, broadly obovate, apiculate, 27–45 mm. long, 18–37 mm. broad; anthers oblong, coherent, included; thecae triplicate, also ± contorted especially in lower part of anther. Monoecious. Tendrils bifid. Seeds (fig. 6/9, p. 48) oblong, compressed, slightly tapered, slightly 2-horned on the shoulders at the broader end, smooth with 2 flat longitudinal facial ridges fading towards the narrow end and approaching one another medially at the 2-horned end, ± 17 × 7 × 3.2 mm., in some cultivated forms much larger, irregular and ± rugose. Fruit large, subglobose, ellipsoid, lageniform, biventricose, clavate or elongated, up to 130 mm. or more in diameter, green, hairy, fleshy, hard-shelled, indehiscent. Climber or trailer to 4.5 m.; stem herbaceous, rather densely hairy. Leaves broadly ovate-reniform or suborbicular in outline, cordate, sinuate-toothed, apiculate, hairy beneath and usually also above, 32–230 mm. long, 45–230 mm. broad, undivided or shortly and obscurely palmately 5–9-lobed; lobes rounded; petiole 27–125 mm. long, pubescent, with two small apical lateral conical glands. Male flowers solitary on 75–310 mm. long peduncles; receptacle-tube funnel-shaped, slightly bulbous at the base, pubescent, 11–16 mm. long; lobes linear to triangular, 3–7 mm. long; petals white, opening in the evening, broadly obovate, apiculate, 27–45 mm. long, 18–37 mm. broad; anthers oblong, coherent, included; thecae triplicate, also ± contorted especially in lower part of anther. Monoecious. Tendrils bifid. Seeds (fig. 6/9, p. 48) oblong, compressed, slightly tapered, slightly 2-horned on the shoulders at the broader end, smooth with 2 flat longitudinal facial ridges fading towards the narrow end and approaching one another medially at the 2-horned end, ± 17 × 7 × 3.2 mm., in some cultivated forms much larger, irregular and ± rugose. Fruit large, subglobose, ellipsoid, lageniform, biventricose, clavate or elongated, up to 130 mm. or more in diameter, green, hairy, fleshy, hard-shelled, indehiscent. Climber or trailer to 4.5 m.; stem herbaceous, rather densely hairy. Leaves broadly ovate-reniform or suborbicular in outline, cordate, sinuate-toothed, apiculate, hairy beneath and usually also above, 32–230 mm. long, 45–230 mm. broad, undivided or shortly and obscurely palmately 5–9-lobed; lobes rounded; petiole 27–125 mm. long, pubescent, with two small apical lateral conical glands.

Plante herbacée, monoïque; tiges grimpantes ou rampantes, assez épaisses, charnues, fortement côtelées, densément poilues.' Feuilles' à pétiole de 3-12 cm de long, pubescent; limbe largement ovale-réniforme ou suborbiculaire, cordé et portant 2 petites glandes à la base, obtus ou aigu au sommet, de 5-40 cm de long et de large, parfois légèrement 3-9-palmatilobé, à bord finement denté, généralement couvert d'une pubescence fine et courte sur les 2 faces, plus dense en dessous; vrilles bifides.' Fleurs' ♂ blanches, solitaires; pédicelle de 7-30 cm de long; réceptacle infundibuliforme, de 2-3 cm de long, pubescent; sépales étroitement triangulaires, de 3-7 mm de long; pétales largement obovales, de 3-4 cm de long et de large, trinerves à la base; étamines à filet court et épais; anthères cohérentes au centre du réceptacle et formant une masse oblongue.' Fleurs' ♀ solitaires, axillant parfois une fleur ♂; pédicelle de 6-7 cm de long; périanthe semblable à celui des fleurs ♂ mais plus petit; ovaire ovoïde, velu, à style très court et épais, entouré par 3 staminodes glanduleux triangulaires; stigmates épais, bilobés. Baies de taille et de forme variables, généralement assez grandes, ellipsoïdales, lagéniformes ou allongées, avec parfois des étranglements.'Graines oblongues, aplaties, légèrement en pointe ou bidentées, lisses, ornées de 2 bandes aplaties, de forme variée chez les plantes cultivées, de 20 mm de long, 7 mm de large et 2-3 mm d'épaisseur.

Cultivée dans les villages ou aux alentours, parfois trouvée en lisière des forêts et même en galerie forestière.

1. Les feuilles sont mangées comme légume après cuisson; de même que la pulpe des fruits. — 2. Les fruits vidés de leurs graines et de leur pulpe constituent des récipients appelés « calebasses » et très utilisés partout en Afrique. — 3. Parfois, les feuilles adultes, pilées et mélangées d'argile blanche (« pembe ») servent à des artifices de sorcellerie.

Pantropicale, probablement introduite en Afrique.

1. Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 3: 435 (1930). Cucurbita siceraria Molina, Sag. Stor. Nat. Chili 133 (1782). Lectotipo (designado por Jeffrey, 1967): Cultivada en Europa, Anon. s.n. (LINN-1151.1). Ilustr.: Lira, Etnofl. Yucatanense 22: 108, t. 11 (2004). N.v.: Cuchara, pomoxcat (totonaco), tecomate, Y, T, Ch; bottle gourd, B.

Por C.M. Lyall.

Cucurbita lagenaria L., C. leucantha Duchesne, Lagenaria bicornuta Chakrav., L. lagenaria (L.) Cockerell, L. leucantha (Duchesne) Rusby, L. siceraria (Molina) Standl. var. laevisperma Millán, L. vulgaris Ser., L. vulgaris subsp. afrikana Kobjakova, L. vulgaris subsp. asiatica Kobjakova.

Bejucos trepadores; tallos pelosos, glabrescentes cuando viejos. Hojas 3-40 × 3-40 cm, ancho ovadas a anchamente triangulares, enteros a someramente lobados, cartáceos; haz y envés con pelosidad corta y suave; base profundamente cordata; márgenes denticulados; ápice mucronado a cuspidado; pecíolos 10-110 mm con pequeñas glándulas sésiles en el ápice. Zarcillos 2-fidos, pelosos cuando jóvenes. Flores estaminadas solitarias, blancas (color crema a amarillo), que abren de noche; pedúnculos 6-30 cm, erectos, largos, iguales o más largas que el pecíolo de la hoja subyacente; hipanto 10-20 mm, campanulado a obcónico, tomentoso; lobos del cáliz 3-4 mm, angostamente triangulares, tomentosos; lobos de la corola 10-30(-100) mm, patentes, densamente pelosos; filamentos 2-3 mm, libres; anteras 8-10 mm, libres a ligeramente unidas en los ápices. Pedúnculo pistilado generalmente menos o rara vez tan largo como el pecíolo de la hoja subyacente, peloso; hipanto 3-4 mm; lobos del cáliz 2-3 mm, cuadrados en corte transversal; lobos de la corola 5-25 mm; ovario 10-35 mm, ovoide a claviforme, tomentoso; estilo y estigmas prominentes, arrugados, las estigmas 2-lobados. Frutos 7-100 × 10-20 cm, extremadamente variables en tamaño y color, subglobosos a cilíndricos; semillas 8-20 mm, comprimidas, frecuentemente con bandas longitudinales, diminutamente pelosas. Cultivada. Ch ( Lira et al. 938, BM); Y (Lira, 2004: 106); C ( Ramírez A. 10, MO); QR ( Cabrera y Cortez 133, MO); B ( Lundell 481, MO); G ( Smith 2660, K); H ( Yunker et al. 6313, K); ES ( Linares 2643, MO); N ( Grijalva 3846, K); CR ( Pittier 13206, K); P ( Duke 10445, MO). 0-1500 m. (Probablemente nativa de África; cultivada ampliamente desde tiempos prehistóricos, seminaturalizada en la región Neotropical.)

Han sido descritas dos subespecies, pero debido a la alta variabilidad, nosostros no r

Plants annual. Stem and branches sulcate-angular, pubescent. Tendrils filiform, puberulent. Petiole 16-20 cm, with 2 glands at apex; leaf blade ovate-cordate or reniform-ovate, 10-35 × 10-35 cm, undivided or 3-5-lobed, both surfaces puberulent, palmately 5-7-veined, base cordate, margin irregularly dentate. Plants monoecious; flowers solitary. Male flowers: pedicels slender; calyx tube funnelform, ca. 2 cm; segments lanceolate, ca. 5 mm; corolla yellow; segments 3-4 × 2-3 cm; filaments 3-4 mm; anthers oblong, 8-10 mm. Female flowers: calyx segments and corolla as in male flowers; ovary densely pubescent; stigma enlarged, 2-lobed. Fruit various in size and shape, woody when mature. Seeds white, obovate or triangular, ca. 20 mm, apex truncate. Fl. summer, fr. autumn.

vines

Monoecious, tendriled, high climbing vines; stems thick, angled, pubescent when young, soon glabrescent. Leaves cordate orbicular, 10-40 cm long, nearly or equally as wide, angulate or shallowly 3-lobate, the apex rounded to acute, the base cordate, the margin minutely dentate, chartaceous, the upper and the lower surfaces pubescent, especially on the veins, obscurely white pustulate above, bi- glandular at the base of the blade, the glands small, sessile, elliptic; petioles 6- 10 cm long, striate, pubescent; tendrils 2-branched for ca. 2/: their length, pubes- cent when young, soon glabrescent. Staminate flowers solitary; peduncles about as long as the petiole of the subtending leaf; calyx 2-3 cm long, tomentose, lobes 3-4 mm long, narrowly triangular; petals oblong ovate, spreading, emarginate and mucronate at the apex, 5-nerved, puberulent on both the surfaces; filaments free, glabrate, 3-4 mm long, the anthers 8-10 mm long, free or slightly connate, the theca flexuous; pistillode glanduliform. Pistillate flowers solitary, the pe- duncle subequalling the petiole of the subtending leaf; calyx tube 3-4 mm long, lobes 2-3 mm long, narrowly triangular, tomentose; corolla as in the staminate flowers; ovary ovoid to cylindrical, tomentose, the style short, thick, stigmas 3, bilobate, thick; staminodia 3, ca. 1 mm long. Fruits whitish or yellowish, vari- able in size and shape but generally large, indehiscent, cortex woody, flesh spongy; seeds white, obovate to triangular, 7-20 mm long, compressed, margin- ate, the apex truncate or bidentate, rarely rounded.

The Calabash, Bottle-Gourd or White Pumpkin.

Prostrate or scandent annual herb, monoecious (male and female flowers on the same plant). Glands at apex of petiole rather obscure, ± recurved, inserted at base of leaf lamina. Male flowers solitary. Flowers white. Vigorous annual herb. Stems prostrate or scandent, softly villous. Leaf-lamina 3-40 x 4.5-40 cm, broadly ovate or reniform in outline, cordate, shortly and softly puberulous or pubescent, undivided or incipiently palmately 5-7-lobed, the lobes rounded, shallowly sinuate-dentate, apiculate. Petioles 2-30 cm long, densely pubescent or villous; glands small, somewhat recurved, inserted at the base of the lamina. Probracts undeveloped. Flowers monoecious. Male flowers solitary; pedicels 7-31 cm long, softly hairy or villous; receptacle-tube 1.1-1.6 cm long, obconic-cylindrical, villous, lobes remote, 2.5-7 x 1-2 mm, subulate-dentiform or triangular-dentiform. Petals 2-4.5 x 1-3.5 cm, white, obovate. Anthers oblong, included. Female flowers on 6-10 cm long peduncles; ovary 10-25 x 5-8 mm, subglobose to ellipsoid or cylindrical, densely villous; receptacle-lobes and petals similar to those of male flowers. Fruits large, up to 1 m long and 20 cm across, subglobose to cylindrical, often ± biventricose or lageniform, green, becoming yellowish when mature. Seeds 7-20 mm long, oblong, truncate and emarginate at the base, with 2 flat facial ridges, in some variants rather irregular and rugose. Vigorous annual herb. Stems prostrate or scandent, softly villous. Leaf-lamina 3-40 x 4.5-40 cm, broadly ovate or reniform in outline, cordate, shortly and softly puberulous or pubescent, undivided or incipiently palmately 5-7-lobed, the lobes rounded, shallowly sinuate-dentate, apiculate. Petioles 2-30 cm long, densely pubescent or villous; glands small, somewhat recurved, inserted at the base of the lamina. Probracts undeveloped. Flowers monoecious. Male flowers solitary; pedicels 7-31 cm long, softly hairy or villous; receptacle-tube 1.1-1.6 cm long, obconic-cylindrical, villous, lobes remote, 2.5-7 x 1-2 mm, subulate-dentiform or triangular-dentiform. Petals 2-4.5 x 1-3.5 cm, white, obovate. Anthers oblong, included. Female flowers on 6-10 cm long peduncles; ovary 10-25 x 5-8 mm, subglobose to ellipsoid or cylindrical, densely villous; receptacle-lobes and petals similar to those of male flowers. Fruits large, up to 1 m long and 20 cm across, subglobose to cylindrical, often ± biventricose or lageniform, green, becoming yellowish when mature. Seeds 7-20 mm long, oblong, truncate and emarginate at the base, with 2 flat facial ridges, in some variants rather irregular and rugose.

Cultivated for fruits; riverine. Cultivated for the fruits used as vegetables and as containers, perhaps nowhere truly wild in South Africa. Cultivated for the fruits used as vegetables and as containers, perhaps nowhere truly wild in South Africa.

Plants annual, flowers monoecious, male flowers solitary.

Pantropical; Namibia, Botswana, Swaziland, South Africa (Limpopo, North West, Gauteng).

Fruits large, up to 1 m. long and 20 cm. across, subglobose to cylindrical, often ± biventricose or lageniform, green, becoming yellowish when mature. Seeds 7–20 mm. long, oblong, truncate and emarginate at the base, with 2 flat facial ridges, in some variants rather irregular and rugose. Vigorous annual. Stems prostrate or scandent, softly villous. Leaf-lamina 3–40 × 4·5–40 cm., broadly ovate or reniform in outline, cordate, shortly and softly puberulous or pubescent, undivided or incipiently palmately 5–7-lobed, the lobes rounded, shallowly sinuate-dentate, apiculate. Petioles 2–30 cm. long, densely pubescent or villous; glands small, somewhat recurved, inserted at the base of the lamina. Probracts undeveloped. Flowers monoecious. male flowers solitary; pedicels 7–31 cm. long, softly hairy or villous; receptacle-tube 1·1–1·6 cm. long, obconic-cylindrical, villous, lobes remote, 2·5–7 × 1–2 mm., subulate-dentiform or triangular-dentiform. Petals 2–4·5 × 1–3·5 cm., white, obovate. Anthers oblong, included. Female flowers on 6–10 cm. long peduncles; ovary 10–25 × 5–8 mm., subglobose to ellipsoid or cylindrical, densely villous; receptacle-lobes and petals similar to those of male flowers. Seeds 7–20 mm. long, oblong, truncate and emarginate at the base, with 2 flat facial ridges, in some variants rather irregular and rugose. Vigorous annual. Stems prostrate or scandent, softly villous. Leaf-lamina 3–40 × 4·5–40 cm., broadly ovate or reniform in outline, cordate, shortly and softly puberulous or pubescent, undivided or incipiently palmately 5–7-lobed, the lobes rounded, shallowly sinuate-dentate, apiculate. Petioles 2–30 cm. long, densely pubescent or villous; glands small, somewhat recurved, inserted at the base of the lamina. Probracts undeveloped. Flowers monoecious. male flowers solitary; pedicels 7–31 cm. long, softly hairy or villous; receptacle-tube 1·1–1·6 cm. long, obconic-cylindrical, villous, lobes remote, 2·5–7 × 1–2 mm., subulate-dentiform or triangular-dentiform. Petals 2–4·5 × 1–3·5 cm., white, obovate. Anthers oblong, included. Female flowers on 6–10 cm. long peduncles; ovary 10–25 × 5–8 mm., subglobose to ellipsoid or cylindrical, densely villous; receptacle-lobes and petals similar to those of male flowers.