Nasturtium officinale R.Br.
  • Hortus Kew. 4: 110 1812 
  • Biolar


Cite taxon page as 'WFO (2023): Nasturtium officinale R.Br. Published on the Internet;http://www.worldfloraonline.org/taxon/wfo-0000380323. Accessed on: 26 Sep 2023'

Local Descriptions

Order descriptions by:

General Information

Herbs perennial, rhizomatous, aquatic, 10-70(-200) cm tall, glabrous throughout or sparsely pubescent with simple trichomes. Stems decumbent or prostrate, erect in emergent plants, branched above, rooting at proximal nodes. Leaves all cauline, pinnately compound, 3-9(-13)-foliolate; petiole auriculate at base; terminal leaflet suborbicular or oblong, 1-4 cm, base obtuse, cuneate, or subcordate, margin entire or repand, apex obtuse; lateral leaflets smaller, usually sessile. Fruiting pedicels slender, divaricate or recurved, 5-12(-20) mm. Sepals oblong, 2-3.5 mm, lateral pair slightly saccate. Petals white or pink, spatulate or obovate, 2.8-4.5(-6) × 1.5-25 mm, apex rounded; claw ca. 1 mm. Filaments white, 2-3.5 mm; anthers oblong, ca. 0.6 mm. Fruit cylindric, 1-1.5(-2) cm × (1.8-)2-2.5(-3) mm; valves with an obscure midvein; style 0.5-1(-1.5) mm. Seeds biseriate, ovoid, 1-1.3 × 0.7-1 mm, reddish brown, coarsely reticulate, with 25-50(-60) areolae on each side. Fl. Apr-Sep, fr. May-Sep. 2n = 32*.

  • Provided by: [F].Flora of China @ efloras.org
    • Source: [
    • 2
    • ]. 

    Plants glabrous throughout or sparsely pubescent. Stems 1-11 (-20) dm. Cauline leaves: petiole not winged, base auriculate; blade 3-9(-13)-foliolate, (1-) 2-15(-22) cm; lateral leaflets sessile or petiolulate, rachis not winged, blade smaller than terminal; terminal leaflet (or simple blade) suborbicular to ovate, or oblong to lanceolate, (0.4-)1-4(-5) cm × (3-)7-25(-40) mm, base obtuse, cuneate, or subcordate, margins entire or repand, apex obtuse. Fruiting pedicels divaricate or descending, straight or recurved, 5-17(-24) mm. Flowers: sepals 2-3.5 × 0.9-1.6 mm; petals white or pink, spatulate or obovate, 2.8-4.5(-6) × 1.5-2.5 mm, (base to 1 mm), apex rounded; filaments 2-3.5 mm; anthers 0.6-1 mm. Fruits (0.6-)1-1.8(-2.5) cm × (1.8-)2-2.5(-3) mm; ovules (28-)36-60 per ovary; style 0.5-1(-1.5) mm. Seeds biseriate, reddish brown, ovoid, (0.8-)0.9-1.1 (-1.3) × (0.6-)0.7-0.9(-1) mm, coarsely reticulate with 25-50(-60) areolae on each side. 2n = 32.

  • Provided by: [I].Flora of North America @ efloras.org
    • Source: [
    • 3
    • ]. 

    2. Nasturtium officinale W.T. Aiton, Hort. Kew. ed. 2, 4: 110 (1812). Lectotipo (designado por Jonsell, 1973): “Habitat in Europa et America septentrionali ad fontes”, Herb. Linn. 836.1 (LINN!). Ilustr.: Jafri, Fl. Libya 23: 142, t. 43 (1977). N.v.: Berro.

    Por I.A. Al-Shehbaz y S. Fuentes-Soriano.

    Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum (L.) Hayek,Sisymbrium nasturtium-aquaticum L.

    Hierbas perennes, glabras o esparcidamente pelosas. Tallos 10-70(-200) cm, decumbentes o postrados, erectos en plantas emergentes, ramificados distalmente. Hojas todas caulinares, pinnaticompuestas, con 3-9(-13) folíolos; pecíolo auriculado en la base; folíolo terminal 1-4 cm, suborbicular u oblongo, la base obtusa, cuneada o subcordata, los márgenes enteros o repandos, el ápice obtuso; folíolos laterales más pequeños, generalmente sésiles. Pedicelos en fruto 5-12(-20) mm, delgados, divaricados o recurvados. Sépalos 2-3.5 mm; pétalos 2.8-4.5(-6) × 1.5-25 mm, espatulados u obovados, el ápice redondeado. Frutos 10-15(-20) × (1.8-)2-2.5(-3) mm; estilo 0.5-1(-1.5) mm. Semillas 1-1.3 × 0.7-1 mm, biseriadas, ovoides, pardo-rojizas, la testa marcadamente reticulada, con 25-50(-60) aréolas en cada lado. n = 16. Floración durante todo el año. Cultivada, arroyos, zanjas, lagos, pantanos. Ch (Breedlove 25918, MO); G (Steyermark 35723, F); H (Molina R. 22260, F); ES (Tucker 1053, F); N (Moreno 17048, MO); CR (Morales y Abarca 1834, INB); P (Croat y Porter 16039, MO). 100-2300 m. (Nativa de Eurasia; ampliamente naturalizada en el mundo, cultivada para el uso en ensaladas.)

    Nasturtium ×sterile (Airy Shaw) Oefelein, es un híbrido estéril entre N. officinale y N. microphyllum Boenn. ex Rchb., naturalizado en Chiapas.

  • Provided by: [G].Flora Mesoamericana
    • Source: [
    • 4
    • 1
    • ]. 

    Nasturtium officinale R. Br. in W.T. Aiton, Hortus Kew. 4: 110. 1812; Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum (L.) Hayek; Sisymbrium nasturtium-aquaticum L.

    Perennes acuáticas o semiacuáticas, frecuentemente formando grandes masas en manantiales y caños limpios, frondosas, glabras, tallos ramificados, postrados o decumbentes, generalmente enredados, suculentos, con raíces en los nudos. Hojas pinnaticompuestas, suculentas, pecioladas, folíolos sésiles, obovados a oblongos o ampliamente ovados, enteros a ligeramente ondulados, pares laterales 2–4 (–5), 1–2 cm de largo, folíolo terminal más grande y más orbicular, 1.5–3 cm de largo. Ramas emergentes terminando en racimos, alargándose cuando en fruto; pétalos espatulados, unguiculados, 4–5 mm de largo, blancos. Pedicelos casi igualando las silicuas, patentes en ángulo casi recto respecto al raquis; silicuas teretes, hinchadas, redondeadas arriba y abajo, patentes a ascendentes, frecuentemente encorvadas hacia arriba, 1–1.5 cm de largo y 2–2.5 mm de ancho, las silicuas maduras con las valvas mostrando el patrón impreso por las semillas, estilo delgado y corto, menos de 1 mm de largo; semillas en 2 hileras, hinchadas, ca 1 mm de largo.

    Raramente colectada, pero puede ser más común de lo que las colecciones indican, zona norcentral; 1400–1500 m; fl y fr probablemente durante todo el año; Moreno 511, 17048; nativa de Europa y Asia, una planta muy apetecida para ensalada en casi cualquier parte del mundo. Género con 5 especies distribuidas en Estados Unidos, México, Europa, noroeste de Africa y Asia. "Berro".

    P.S. Green. Watercress in the New World. Rhodora 64: 33–43. 1962; I.A. Al-Shehbaz y R.A. Price. Delimitation of the genus Nasturtium (Brassicaceae). Novon 8: 124–126. 1998.

  • Provided by: [H].Flora de Nicaragua
    • Source: [
    • 5
    • ]. 

    Morphology

    Stängel 30–90 cm, hohl, kriechend oder aufsteigend, verzweigt, kahl. Blätter gefiedert, mit 1–4 Fiederpaaren und grösserem Endabschnitt. Kronblätter 3,5–5 mm lang, weiss, nach der Blüte lila werdend. Staubbeutel gelb. Früchte stabförmig, etw

  • Provided by: [E].Flora Helvetica – Illustrierte Flora der Schweiz
    • Source: [
    • 6
    • ]. 

    A perennial herb with creeping or floating stems, rooting at the nodes and without a taproot. Stems hollow, glabrous or puberulous in the axils of the branches. Leaves pinnate with 3-9 leaflets, petiolate; petiole glabrous or puberulous, auriculate with lanceolate spreading auricles; lateral leaflets elliptical, dark green, entire or repand; terminal leaflet elliptical to broadly ovate-circular. Racemes terminal, dense in flower. Petals about 4 mm long, spathulate. Racemes sublax in fruit, the pedicels wide-spreading or ± reflexed, usually c. 1 cm long but up to 2 cm. Siliquae 1.3-1.8(-2) cm long, often curved-ascending; valves very weakly 1-nerved, eventually bulged by the seeds. Seeds 30-51 cm each locule; seed-coat minutely reticulate. Caulescent perennial herb, up to 0.6 m high. Leaves pinnate. Racemes terminal. Flowers white. Perennial herb, up to 0.6 m high. Stems creeping or floating, rooting at nodes, without taproot; hollow; glabrous or pubescent in axils of branches. Leaves petiolate; blade pinnate with 3-9 leaflets, terminal leaflet elliptic to broadly circular, lateral leaflets elliptic, margins entire or repand, dark green; petiole with narrowly ovate auricles. Flowers: in terminal, ebracteate racemes, dense in flower; petals spathulate, ± 4 mm long, white; Sep.-Mar. Fruit with siliquae 13-20 mm long, often curved-ascending, valves weakly 1-nerved, eventually bulged by seeds.

  • Provided by: [D].e-Flora of South Africa
    • Source: [
    • 9
    • ]. 

    Ecology

    6–9. Gräben, Bäche, kollin-montan(-subalpin). CH.

  • Provided by: [E].Flora Helvetica – Illustrierte Flora der Schweiz
    • Source: [
    • 6
    • ]. 

    Habitat

    In water or in wet places. Naturalized in water or in wet places. Cultivated as a salad crop. Dry Grassland; Mesic Grassland. In water or in wet places.

  • Provided by: [D].e-Flora of South Africa
    • Source: [
    • 7
    • ]. 

    Distribution

    Native to Europe. Native to Europe. Introduced from Europe.

  • Provided by: [D].e-Flora of South Africa
    • Source: [
    • 7
    • ]. 
    Flora MesoamericanaGeneral Information

    2. Nasturtium officinale W.T. Aiton, Hort. Kew. ed. 2, 4: 110 (1812). Lectotipo (designado por Jonsell, 1973): “Habitat in Europa et America septentrionali ad fontes”, Herb. Linn. 836.1 (LINN!). Ilustr.: Jafri, Fl. Libya 23: 142, t. 43 (1977). N.v.: Berro.

    Por I.A. Al-Shehbaz y S. Fuentes-Soriano.

    Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum (L.) Hayek,Sisymbrium nasturtium-aquaticum L.

    Hierbas perennes, glabras o esparcidamente pelosas. Tallos 10-70(-200) cm, decumbentes o postrados, erectos en plantas emergentes, ramificados distalmente. Hojas todas caulinares, pinnaticompuestas, con 3-9(-13) folíolos; pecíolo auriculado en la base; folíolo terminal 1-4 cm, suborbicular u oblongo, la base obtusa, cuneada o subcordata, los márgenes enteros o repandos, el ápice obtuso; folíolos laterales más pequeños, generalmente sésiles. Pedicelos en fruto 5-12(-20) mm, delgados, divaricados o recurvados. Sépalos 2-3.5 mm; pétalos 2.8-4.5(-6) × 1.5-25 mm, espatulados u obovados, el ápice redondeado. Frutos 10-15(-20) × (1.8-)2-2.5(-3) mm; estilo 0.5-1(-1.5) mm. Semillas 1-1.3 × 0.7-1 mm, biseriadas, ovoides, pardo-rojizas, la testa marcadamente reticulada, con 25-50(-60) aréolas en cada lado. n = 16. Floración durante todo el año. Cultivada, arroyos, zanjas, lagos, pantanos. Ch (Breedlove 25918, MO); G (Steyermark 35723, F); H (Molina R. 22260, F); ES (Tucker 1053, F); N (Moreno 17048, MO); CR (Morales y Abarca 1834, INB); P (Croat y Porter 16039, MO). 100-2300 m. (Nativa de Eurasia; ampliamente naturalizada en el mundo, cultivada para el uso en ensaladas.)

    Nasturtium ×sterile (Airy Shaw) Oefelein, es un híbrido estéril entre N. officinale y N. microphyllum Boenn. ex Rchb., naturalizado en Chiapas.

    Flora of China @ efloras.orgGeneral Information

    Herbs perennial, rhizomatous, aquatic, 10-70(-200) cm tall, glabrous throughout or sparsely pubescent with simple trichomes. Stems decumbent or prostrate, erect in emergent plants, branched above, rooting at proximal nodes. Leaves all cauline, pinnately compound, 3-9(-13)-foliolate; petiole auriculate at base; terminal leaflet suborbicular or oblong, 1-4 cm, base obtuse, cuneate, or subcordate, margin entire or repand, apex obtuse; lateral leaflets smaller, usually sessile. Fruiting pedicels slender, divaricate or recurved, 5-12(-20) mm. Sepals oblong, 2-3.5 mm, lateral pair slightly saccate. Petals white or pink, spatulate or obovate, 2.8-4.5(-6) × 1.5-25 mm, apex rounded; claw ca. 1 mm. Filaments white, 2-3.5 mm; anthers oblong, ca. 0.6 mm. Fruit cylindric, 1-1.5(-2) cm × (1.8-)2-2.5(-3) mm; valves with an obscure midvein; style 0.5-1(-1.5) mm. Seeds biseriate, ovoid, 1-1.3 × 0.7-1 mm, reddish brown, coarsely reticulate, with 25-50(-60) areolae on each side. Fl. Apr-Sep, fr. May-Sep. 2n = 32*.

    Flora Helvetica – Illustrierte Flora der SchweizMorphology

    Stängel 30–90 cm, hohl, kriechend oder aufsteigend, verzweigt, kahl. Blätter gefiedert, mit 1–4 Fiederpaaren und grösserem Endabschnitt. Kronblätter 3,5–5 mm lang, weiss, nach der Blüte lila werdend. Staubbeutel gelb. Früchte stabförmig, etw

    Ecology

    6–9. Gräben, Bäche, kollin-montan(-subalpin). CH.

    Flora de NicaraguaGeneral Information

    Nasturtium officinale R. Br. in W.T. Aiton, Hortus Kew. 4: 110. 1812; Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum (L.) Hayek; Sisymbrium nasturtium-aquaticum L.

    Perennes acuáticas o semiacuáticas, frecuentemente formando grandes masas en manantiales y caños limpios, frondosas, glabras, tallos ramificados, postrados o decumbentes, generalmente enredados, suculentos, con raíces en los nudos. Hojas pinnaticompuestas, suculentas, pecioladas, folíolos sésiles, obovados a oblongos o ampliamente ovados, enteros a ligeramente ondulados, pares laterales 2–4 (–5), 1–2 cm de largo, folíolo terminal más grande y más orbicular, 1.5–3 cm de largo. Ramas emergentes terminando en racimos, alargándose cuando en fruto; pétalos espatulados, unguiculados, 4–5 mm de largo, blancos. Pedicelos casi igualando las silicuas, patentes en ángulo casi recto respecto al raquis; silicuas teretes, hinchadas, redondeadas arriba y abajo, patentes a ascendentes, frecuentemente encorvadas hacia arriba, 1–1.5 cm de largo y 2–2.5 mm de ancho, las silicuas maduras con las valvas mostrando el patrón impreso por las semillas, estilo delgado y corto, menos de 1 mm de largo; semillas en 2 hileras, hinchadas, ca 1 mm de largo.

    Raramente colectada, pero puede ser más común de lo que las colecciones indican, zona norcentral; 1400–1500 m; fl y fr probablemente durante todo el año; Moreno 511, 17048; nativa de Europa y Asia, una planta muy apetecida para ensalada en casi cualquier parte del mundo. Género con 5 especies distribuidas en Estados Unidos, México, Europa, noroeste de Africa y Asia. "Berro".

    P.S. Green. Watercress in the New World. Rhodora 64: 33–43. 1962; I.A. Al-Shehbaz y R.A. Price. Delimitation of the genus Nasturtium (Brassicaceae). Novon 8: 124–126. 1998.

    e-Flora of South AfricaHabitat

    In water or in wet places. Naturalized in water or in wet places. Cultivated as a salad crop. Dry Grassland; Mesic Grassland. In water or in wet places. Naturalized in water or in wet places. Cultivated as a salad crop. Dry Grassland; Mesic Grassland. In water or in wet places.

    Distribution

    Native to Europe. Native to Europe. Introduced from Europe. Native to Europe. Introduced from Europe.

    Morphology

    A perennial herb with creeping or floating stems, rooting at the nodes and without a taproot. Stems hollow, glabrous or puberulous in the axils of the branches. Leaves pinnate with 3-9 leaflets, petiolate; petiole glabrous or puberulous, auriculate with lanceolate spreading auricles; lateral leaflets elliptical, dark green, entire or repand; terminal leaflet elliptical to broadly ovate-circular. Racemes terminal, dense in flower. Petals about 4 mm long, spathulate. Racemes sublax in fruit, the pedicels wide-spreading or ± reflexed, usually c. 1 cm long but up to 2 cm. Siliquae 1.3-1.8(-2) cm long, often curved-ascending; valves very weakly 1-nerved, eventually bulged by the seeds. Seeds 30-51 cm each locule; seed-coat minutely reticulate. Caulescent perennial herb, up to 0.6 m high. Leaves pinnate. Racemes terminal. Flowers white. Perennial herb, up to 0.6 m high. Stems creeping or floating, rooting at nodes, without taproot; hollow; glabrous or pubescent in axils of branches. Leaves petiolate; blade pinnate with 3-9 leaflets, terminal leaflet elliptic to broadly circular, lateral leaflets elliptic, margins entire or repand, dark green; petiole with narrowly ovate auricles. Flowers: in terminal, ebracteate racemes, dense in flower; petals spathulate, ± 4 mm long, white; Sep.-Mar. Fruit with siliquae 13-20 mm long, often curved-ascending, valves weakly 1-nerved, eventually bulged by seeds. Caulescent perennial herb, up to 0.6 m high. Leaves pinnate. Racemes terminal. Flowers white. Perennial herb, up to 0.6 m high. Stems creeping or floating, rooting at nodes, without taproot; hollow; glabrous or pubescent in axils of branches. Leaves petiolate; blade pinnate with 3-9 leaflets, terminal leaflet elliptic to broadly circular, lateral leaflets elliptic, margins entire or repand, dark green; petiole with narrowly ovate auricles. Flowers: in terminal, ebracteate racemes, dense in flower; petals spathulate, ± 4 mm long, white; Sep.-Mar. Fruit with siliquae 13-20 mm long, often curved-ascending, valves weakly 1-nerved, eventually bulged by seeds.

    Flora of North America @ efloras.orgGeneral Information

    Plants glabrous throughout or sparsely pubescent. Stems 1-11 (-20) dm. Cauline leaves: petiole not winged, base auriculate; blade 3-9(-13)-foliolate, (1-) 2-15(-22) cm; lateral leaflets sessile or petiolulate, rachis not winged, blade smaller than terminal; terminal leaflet (or simple blade) suborbicular to ovate, or oblong to lanceolate, (0.4-)1-4(-5) cm × (3-)7-25(-40) mm, base obtuse, cuneate, or subcordate, margins entire or repand, apex obtuse. Fruiting pedicels divaricate or descending, straight or recurved, 5-17(-24) mm. Flowers: sepals 2-3.5 × 0.9-1.6 mm; petals white or pink, spatulate or obovate, 2.8-4.5(-6) × 1.5-2.5 mm, (base to 1 mm), apex rounded; filaments 2-3.5 mm; anthers 0.6-1 mm. Fruits (0.6-)1-1.8(-2.5) cm × (1.8-)2-2.5(-3) mm; ovules (28-)36-60 per ovary; style 0.5-1(-1.5) mm. Seeds biseriate, reddish brown, ovoid, (0.8-)0.9-1.1 (-1.3) × (0.6-)0.7-0.9(-1) mm, coarsely reticulate with 25-50(-60) areolae on each side. 2n = 32.

    Distribution Map

     
    • Native distribution
    Found in
    • Europe Northern Europe Ireland

    Nationally Preferred Names

    NameLanguageCountry
    BiolarIrishIE
    Water-cressEnglishIE

    Other Local Names

    NameLanguageCountry
    BiorarIrishIE
    BillerEnglishIE
    Carschun-funtaunaRaeto-RomanceCH
    Echte BrunnenkresseGermanCH
    Crescione d'aquaItalianCH
    Cresson d'eauFrenchCH
    Water-grassEnglishIE

      Bibliography

     Information From

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    • A CC0 1.0 Universal (CC0 1.0).
    MBG Floras Images
    http://www.tropicos.org/ImageSearch.aspx
    Flora images. Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed on Jun. 2018.
    • B Missouri Botanical Garden
    • C Missouri Botanical Garden
    e-Flora of South Africa
    e-Flora of South Africa. v1.21. 2018. South African National Biodiversity Institute. http://ipt.sanbi.org.za/iptsanbi/resource?r=flora_descriptions&v=1.21
    • D All Rights Reserved
    Flora Helvetica – Illustrierte Flora der Schweiz
    http://www.flora-helvetica.ch
    Flora Helvetica – Illustrierte Flora der Schweiz, Konrad Lauber, Gerhart Wagner, Andreas Gygax. Haupt Verlag 2018.
    • E All Rights Reserved
    Flora of China @ efloras.org
    'Flora of China @ eFloras (2008). Published on the Internet http://www.efloras.org/flora_page.aspx?flora_id=2 [accessed August 2016]' Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
    • F Missouri Botanical Garden
    Flora Mesoamericana
    http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/fm/
    Gerrit Davidse, Mario Sousa Sánchez, A. O. Chater, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Instituto de Biología, Missouri Botanical Garden, Natural History Museum (London, England) UNAM, 1994
    • G Missouri Botanical Garden
    Flora de Nicaragua
    http://www.tropicos.org/projectwebportal.aspx?projectid=7&pagename=Home&langid=66
    WD Stevens, CU Ulloa, A Pool and OM Montiel. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, 2001
    • H Missouri Botanical Garden
    Flora of North America @ efloras.org
    http://www.efloras.org/flora_page.aspx?flora_id=1
    'Flora of North America @ eFloras (2008). Published on the Internet http://www.efloras.org/flora_page.aspx?flora_id=1 [accessed August 2016]' Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
    • I Flora of North America Association
    Irish Vernacular Names
    https://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/plant-science/plant-science/research-staff/article/380/wyse-jackson-peter-s.aspx
    • J All Rights Reserved
    Vahliaceae
    http://www.worldfloraonline.org/organisation/Vahliaceae
    World Flora Online Data. 2021.
    • K CC0 1.0 Universal (CC0 1.0).