The World Flora Online

Bejuco herbáceo a subleñoso; tallos glabros o to- mentosos. Hojas con el pecíolo 2.5 –11.5(–13) cm, delgado; lámina basifija o (menos frecuente) escasa- mente peltada (hasta ca. 1.5 cm), 3 –12(–15) X 3–6 (–17) cm, cordiforme a suborbicular (raramente deltada), truncada a redondeada en la base, aguda a re- dondeada (raramente acuminada o aguda) y fre- cuentemente emarginada en el ápice, membranácea, glabra a seríceo-pilosa en el haz, pálida a serícea o to- mentosa en el envés, con 5 –12 nervios principales, usualmente prominentes en el envés. Infls. cimosas o racemosas. Fls. blancas, amarillentas o cremosas, las estaminadas con la corola pateliforme. Frs. 0.3 – 0.7 X 0.3 – 0.6 cm, obovoides a subglobosos, pubescentes o pilosos (raramente glabros o seríceos).

A slender tomentose climber. Leaves peltate, 2.5-12 cm long, 2.5-11.5 cm broad, triangularly broad-ovate, or orbicular, obtuse, mucronate, base cordate or truncate, ± tomentose on both sides, ultimately becoming glabrous above and glaucous below; petiole pubescent. Flowers minute, pedicels filiform. Male flowers in pedunculate branched cymes, clustered in the axil of a small leaf; sepals 4, obovate-oblong, hairy outside; petals 4, united to form a 4-toothed cup, hairy outside; stamens 4, filaments united, column short, anthers connate, encircling the top of the column. Female flowers clustered in the axils of orbicular, hoary imbricate bracts, on 5-10 cm long racemes; sepal 1, ovate-oblong, pubescent outside; petal 1, obtriangular subreniform; carpel 1, densely hairy; style shortly 3-fid. Drupe 4-6 mm long, 3-4 mm broad, subglobose, compressed, hairy-pubescent, red when fresh, black when dry, endocarp transversely ribbed, tuberculate. Seeds horseshoe-shaped.

Terrícola

Liana/volúvel/trepadeira

Cissampelos pareira L., Sp. Pl. 1031. 1753.

Bejucos herbáceos a subleñosos, volubles; tallos profunda y longitudinalmente estriados cuando secos, glabros a densamente puberulentos. Hojas ovadas a suborbiculares o raramente deltoides, 3–9 (–15) cm de largo y 3–8 (–17) cm de ancho, ápice agudo a redondeado o raramente acuminado y frecuentemente emarginado y mucronado, enteras a onduladas, glabras a pilosas o seríceas en la haz, más pálidas en el envés, membranáceas cuando secas, con 5–9 nervios principales, subpeltadas con el pecíolo insertado hasta a 15 mm del borde de la lámina; pecíolos (1–) 2–8 (–13) cm de largo, puberulentos a tomentosos, raramente seríceos o glabros. Inflorescencia estaminada en una cima fasciculada, axilar en las hojas adultas, en las hojas jóvenes de ramas terminales o en brácteas de ejes primarios de 8–11 cm de largo, brácteas ovadas, orbiculares a deltoides, raramente plegadas, 0.3–1.6 cm de largo, pedúnculos de las cimas 0.8–3 cm de largo, bractéolas lanceoladas a lineares, 0.5–0.7 mm de largo, cuando las cimas nacen directamente de las axilas de las hojas adultas, frecuentemente desarrollan brácteas ovadas a suborbiculares de 3–8 mm de largo, brácteas aciculares de hasta 0.7 mm de largo; flores estaminadas verdes, blanquecinas o amarillas, pedicelos 1.7–2.5 mm de largo, sépalos 0.7–1.8 mm de largo, corola pateliforme, 0.6–1.3 mm de diámetro, sinandro sésil o hasta 0.8 mm de largo; inflorescencia pistilada axilar, compuesta de 5–10 flores, fasciculadas en hojas adultas o en brácteas de ejes primarios de 8–17 cm de largo, brácteas reniformes a ovadas, raramente deltoides, 2–10 mm de largo; flores pistiladas con pedúnculos 1.3 mm de largo, sépalos 0.8–2 mm de largo, pétalo reniforme a suborbicular, 0.4–0.9 mm de largo, carpelo giboso, 0.4 mm de largo, todas las partes pilosas a tomentosas externamente. Fruto 0.2–0.6 cm de largo y 0.3–0.5 cm de ancho, generalmente puberulento, rojo o amarillo.

Muy común, bosques siempreverdes, pluvioselvas, nebliselvas, orillas de caminos, en todas las zonas del país; 10–1480 m; fl y fr durante todo el año; Stevens 5845, 9278; ampliamente distribuida en los trópicos y subtrópicos de América, Asia y Africa.

Shrub

Southern Mexico, Central America, South America, Antilles, eastern Africa, India, Malaya, Indonesia, Philippines, northern Australia and Madagascar.

Shrubby twiners; stems striate, glabrous to tomentose. Leaves petiolate, ob- scurely peltate or basifixed, broadly ovate, entire, the apex obtuse, rarely acuminate, frequently somewhat emarginate, mucronate, the base truncate or cordate, 2-12 cm. long and wide, membranous or papery, palmately 3- to 7-nerved, in youth more or less sericeous-tomentose on both sides, at length above more or less pubescent, rarely glabrous, below frequently paler, tomentose or pubescent, rarely entirely glabrous. Staminate inflorescence multiflowered fasciculate dichasia in the leaf axils, sometimes upon secondary axillary branches within the axils of reduced leaves or bracts; bracts of secondary branches basifixed, sessile or obscurely petiolate, ovate to subreniform, mucronate, about 1 cm. long and wide to minute, mem- branous, pubescent to tomentose; bracteoles linear, about 0.5 mm. long, pubescent. Staminate flowers: Sepals 4, ovate to obovate, exteriorly pubescent, 1.0-2.0 mm. long, 0.5-1.2 mm. wide; corolla campanulate, 0.8-1.8 mm. in diameter; anthers 4, glabrous. Pistillate inflorescence composed of individual flowers fasciculate upon secondary axillary branches within the axils of reduced leaves or bracts; bracts basifixed, sessile or obscurely petiolate, broadly ovate to reniform, mucronate, about 1.5 mm. long, 2.0 mm. wide to minute, membranous, puberulent to tomentose. Pistillate flowers: Sepal 1, obovate, 1.0-2.0 mm. long, 0.5-0.8 mm. wide, exteriorly pubescent; petal 1, broadly obovate to reniform, 0.5-0.8 mm. long, 0.7-1.5 mm. wide, glabrous or puberulent; carpel 1, gibbose, densely pubescent. Drupe broadly obo- vate or suborbicular, compressed, 4-5 mm. long, 3-4 mm. wide, pubescent or puberulent; endocarp verrucose, ribbed.

A common weedy vine of open distrubed, moist areas or secondary forests. Road to Bordeaux (A3126), trail to Brown Bay (A1868). Also on St. Croix, St. Thomas, and Tortola; throughout the tropics.

Twining vine to 5 m long; stems cylindrical, glabrous to pilose. Leaf blades 4-12 X 4-10 cm, widely ovate to nearly rounded chartaceous, lower surface sparsely to densely pubescent, the apex emarginate, usually mucronulate, the base cordate or truncate, usually peltate, the margins wavy and revolute; petioles sparsely to densely pubescent, 2-7 cm long. Rowers 1-15 mm long, greenish, in axillary cymes. Calyx pilose; bracts of pistillate inflorescence foliaceous, ovate, pilose. Drupe globose, juicy, bright red-orange, pilose, 4-5 mm diam.; Stone horseshoe-shaped, verrucose.

Vines , from thickened root. Leaves with petiole inserted to 2 mm from margin; petiole to 7.4 cm. Leaf blade 6-12 × 7-14 cm, membranous to nearly leathery; venation 7. Staminate inflorescences not seen. Pistillate inflorescences to 13 cm; bracts sessile or shortly petiolate, usually reniform, to 5 × 6 mm, grading to minute, membranous, glabrous to densely pilose. Pistillate flowers: sepals obovate, 1.2-1.4 × 0.8-1 mm; petals 4-angulate to deltate, 0.4-0.8 × 1-1.6 mm; ovary to 0.8 mm. Drupes not seen.

Drupe 4–6 x 3–4 mm. wide, hairy-pubescent. Female inflorescences of 5–9-flowered cymules arranged in axillary, false racemes 5–10 cm. long, solitary or clustered 2–3 together; bracts up to 1.5 cm. in diam., suborbicular-reniform, pubescent or tomentose. Female flowers with sepals similar to those of the male; petals 1.5–1.7 x 2 mm., obtriangular to subreniform, very sparsely pubescent. Male inflorescences of axillary, generally solitary or paired, corymbose cymules not exceeding 4 cm. in length, sometimes arranged in the axils of bracts along an axis up to 10 cm. long; axes, peduncles and pedicels whitish-pubescent. Male flowers with 4–5 ovate or obovate keeled sepals 1.2–1.5 x 0.7 mm., tubercled and pubescent; synandrium 4-locular. Leaves sometimes peltate, lamina 2–12 x 2–12 cm., broadly cordate to ovate, apex obtusely or emarginately mucronate or rarely acuminate, base truncate, to deeply reniform-cordate, membranous to papery, ± pilose or glabrescent above, puberulous to tomentose below, with 3–7 basal nerves, palmate, petiole 1–7 cm. long, puberulous to subtomentose. Liane with stem somewhat woody at the base. Female inflorescences of 5–9-flowered cymules arranged in axillary, false racemes 5–10 cm. long, solitary or clustered 2–3 together; bracts up to 1.5 cm. in diam., suborbicular-reniform, pubescent or tomentose. Female flowers with sepals similar to those of the male; petals 1.5–1.7 x 2 mm., obtriangular to subreniform, very sparsely pubescent. Male inflorescences of axillary, generally solitary or paired, corymbose cymules not exceeding 4 cm. in length, sometimes arranged in the axils of bracts along an axis up to 10 cm. long; axes, peduncles and pedicels whitish-pubescent. Male flowers with 4–5 ovate or obovate keeled sepals 1.2–1.5 x 0.7 mm., tubercled and pubescent; synandrium 4-locular. Leaves sometimes peltate, lamina 2–12 x 2–12 cm., broadly cordate to ovate, apex obtusely or emarginately mucronate or rarely acuminate, base truncate, to deeply reniform-cordate, membranous to papery, ± pilose or glabrescent above, puberulous to tomentose below, with 3–7 basal nerves, palmate, petiole 1–7 cm. long, puberulous to subtomentose. Liane with stem somewhat woody at the base.