The World Flora Online

4. Cucumis sativus L., Sp. Pl. 1012 (1753). Lectotipo (designado por ten Pas et al., 1985): Europa, Anon., Herb. Burser v. XVII. 17 (UPS). Ilustr.: Thomé, Fl. Deutschland 4: t. 550 (1889).

Por A.K. Monro.

Cucumis esculentus Salisb., C. hardwickii Royle, C. muricatus Willd., C. rumphii Hassk., C. setosus Cogn., C. sphaerocarpus Gabaev, C. vilmorinii Sprenger.

Tallos híspidos a estrigosos, estriados. Hojas 8.5-16 × 7-15.5 cm, anchamente ovadas, anguladas o someramente 3-5-lobadas, cartáceas; haz y envés híspidos a estrigosos, las nervaduras más densamente híspidas a estrigosas; base cordata, un seno basal presente; márgenes dentados; ápice agudo; pecíolos 40-90 mm, híspidos a estrigosos. Zarcillos híspidos hacia la base. Flores estaminadas 2-3 por inflorescencia, pedúnculo 5-25 mm; hipanto 4-5 × 3 mm, densamente híspido, verde; lobos del cáliz c. 4 × 1 mm, patentes, densamente híspidos; corola c. 20 mm, amarillo pálido, los lobos ovado-lanceolados, la superficie externa pubérula, la superficie interna glabra; estambres 4-6 mm. Flores pistiladas con el cáliz y corola igual que en las flores estaminadas; pedúnculo 10-25 mm, híspido a estrigoso; ovario c. 12 × 3 mm, ovoide, glabro a esparcidamente estrigoso hacia la base y ápice, ligeramente tuberculado; estilo 1-2 mm; pedúnculos fructificantes 15-30 × 3 mm. Frutos 8-11 × c. 3 cm, oblongos, amarillos a verdes, la superficie verrucosa a tuberculada; semillas 8-10 × 3-5 × 1.5 mm, elipsoides. Cultivada y en lugares alterados. Y ( Lira 497, MO); QR (Lira, 2004: 65); B (Balick et al., 2000: 75); G (Dieterle, 1976: 329); H (Molina, 1975: 110); N ( Zambrana 29, MO); P ( Hammel 3286, MO). 0-300 m. (Nativa del SE. de Asia; cultivada mundialmente.)

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Bejuco rastrero. Hojas 8–12 X 6–11 cm, cordado-deltadas, anguladas o levemente 3–5-lobuladas, de otra forma denticuladas. Infls. de pocas fls. fasciculadas. Fls. con los lóbulos de la corola 8–20 mm. Frs. amarillentos cuando maduros, ca. 7–17+ cm, generalmente cilíndricos a oblongoides, tuberculados cuando jóvenes.

Plants scandent or creeping. Stem and branches angular, white hispid. Tendrils slender, simple. Petiole 10-16(-20) cm; leaf blade broadly ovate-cordate, 7-20 × 7-20 cm, membranous, margin 3-5-angular or -lobed; lobes triangular, dentate, apex acute or acuminate; sinus half-orbicular. Plants monoecious. Male flowers fasciculate; pedicel filiform, 5-15 mm, puberulent; calyx tube narrowly campanulate, 8-10 mm, densely white pubescent; segments subulate; corolla yellow-white, ca. 2 cm; segments oblong-lanceolate, acute; anthers 3-4 mm; connective ca. 1 mm. Female flowers solitary or fascicled; pedicels pubescent, 1-2 cm; ovary fusiform, muricate. Fruit yellow-green, oblong or cylindric, (5-)10-30(-50) cm, muricate, usually verrucose. Seeds white, small, narrowly ovate, 5-10 mm, emarginate, both ends acute. Fl. and fr. summer.

Annual, trailing or climbing herb. Stem angular, with scabridulous hairs. Leaves ovate, 12-18 cm long., 3-8-lobed,-lobes acute, hispidulous or scabridulous on both surfaces; petiole elongated, 8-20 mm long. Sepals spreading. Corolla c. 2.5 cm long, lobes oblong-lanceolate. Anthers 3-4 mm long. Female flowers solitary or rarely fascicled. Ovary fusiform, muricate. Fruit oblong and obscurely trigonous or cylindric, when young sparsely tuberculated, otherwise smooth and glabrous.

Leaf: lobe(s) foliar non profoundly lobate and triangular; indumentum of the petiole recurved setulose. Flower: surface of the ovary spinescent tuberculate or papillose. Fruit: shape globose or oblong; size cm 6.0 to 11; ornamentation of the epidermis echinate or tuberculate or papillose; density of the ornamentation of the epidermis null or sparsely; peduncle expanded at the apex non. Folha: lobo(s) foliar(es) não profundamente lobada(s) e triangular(es); indumento do pecíolo(s) recurvado(s) setuloso(s). Flor: superfície(s) do ovário(s) espinescente(s) tuberculado(s) ou papiloso(s). Fruto: formato globoso(s) ou oblongo(s); tamanho cm 6.0 à 11; ornamentação da epiderme equinado(s) ou tuberculado(s) ou papiloso(s); densidade(s) da ornamentação da epiderme nula(s) ou esparsa(s); pedúnculo(s) expandido(s) no ápice(s) não. Hoja: lobo(s) foliar(es) no profundamente lobada(s) y triangular(es); indumento del pecíolo(s) recurvado(s) setuloso(s). Flor: superficie(s) del ovario(s) espinescente(s) tuberculado(s) o papiloso(s). Fruto: forma globoso(s) o oblongo(s); dimensiones cm 6.0 à 11; ornamentación de la epiderme equinado(s) o tuberculado(s) o papiloso(s); densidad(s) de la ornamentación de la epiderme nula(s) o esparsa(s); pedúnculo(s) expandido(s) al ápice(s) no. Folha: lobo(s) foliar(es) não profundamente lobada(s) e triangular(es); indumento do pecíolo(s) recurvado(s) setuloso(s). Flor: superfície(s) do ovário(s) espinescente(s) tuberculado(s) ou papiloso(s). Fruto: formato globoso(s) ou oblongo(s); tamanho cm 6.0 à 11; ornamentação da epiderme equinado(s) ou tuberculado(s) ou papiloso(s); densidade(s) da ornamentação da epiderme nula(s) ou esparsa(s); pedúnculo(s) expandido(s) no ápice(s) não. Hoja: lobo(s) foliar(es) no profundamente lobada(s) y triangular(es); indumento del pecíolo(s) recurvado(s) setuloso(s). Flor: superficie(s) del ovario(s) espinescente(s) tuberculado(s) o papiloso(s). Fruto: forma globoso(s) o oblongo(s); dimensiones cm 6.0 à 11; ornamentación de la epiderme equinado(s) o tuberculado(s) o papiloso(s); densidad(s) de la ornamentación de la epiderme nula(s) o esparsa(s); pedúnculo(s) expandido(s) al ápice(s) no.

Terrícola

Liana/volúvel/trepadeira

Vines

Vines; stems hirsute or scabrous. Leaves cordate, 12-18 cm long and wide, angulate or shallowly 3- to 5-lobate, the apex of the lobes acute, the base cordate, the margin denticulate, chartaceous, both surfaces hispid or scabrous; petiole 5-15 cm long, hispid or scabrous. Staminate flowers axillary, fasciculate; peduncle 0.5-2.0 cm long; calyx subcylindrical, the lobes 4-6 mm long, subulate, villous, green; corolla campanulate, lobes ca. 2 cm long, yellow, ovate lanceolate, acute; stamens 6-8 mm long, the anthers 3-4 mm long, the appendix connective ca. 1 mm long; pistillode glandlike. Pistillate flowers in same axils as the staminate flowers; peduncles 1-2 cm long; calyx and corolla as in the staminate flowers; ovary fusiform, tuberculate, the style 1-2 mm long, the stigma forming a spherical head. Fruit yellowish, usually cylindrical or oblong, tuberculate, glabrous; seeds whitish, oblong, 8-10 mm long, 3-5 mm wide.

Fruits are eaten raw, cooked, or pickled, young shoots as a vegetable.

The origin of the cultivated, very variable, Cucumis sativus is unknown, but possibly it is from northern India (type), the same area as the wild variety, var. hardwickii (Royle) Alef., which is supposedly the ancestor of cultivated cucumbers. The var. hardwickii, with small bitter-tasting or sour fruit, ellipsoid or subglobose, 5–8 cm long, is also known from NW and W Thailand, as found growing either in the wild or sold in a local market. It concerns fruits from plants of which the vegetative parts were completely withered (Phonsena et al. 5654, 5684). Plate XXXIII: 1.

Annual climber or trailer, with fibrous roots, shoots to 5 m long, plant scabrid. Leaves: blade broadly ovate in outline, 10–15(–20) cm diam., (shallowly or) deeply 5-lobed, the middle lobe largest, lobes at apex acute-acuminate, margin finely dentate, both surfaces sparsely hairy; petiole 5–10 cm long. Male flowers solitary or few-fascicled; pedicel 5–20 mm long, hairy; receptacle-tube 4–5(–10) mm long, hairy; sepals 4–5(–7) mm long; petals (10–)20(–25) mm long, at base fused for ⅓; filaments short; anthers included or hardly protruding, 2.5–3 mm long, connective extension slender, entire or 2-lobed; disc 1–1.5 mm diam. Female flowers solitary (or few-fascicled); pedicel 2–20 mm long; ovary 10(–20 in certain cultivars) mm long, densely hirsute or glabrous; perianth similar as in male flowers; style short, stigma 2–3 mm diam., lobes lobulate; staminodes small. Fruit ellipsoid to cylindrical, 5–20(–50) cm long, blunt at apex, mono-coloured, whitish or green, or variously bi-coloured (striped), white, green or yellow(-brown); pericarp thin; pulp whitish or yellowish; fruiting pedicel 1.5–4 cm long. Seeds elliptic, 7–12 mm long, unwinged.

Cucumis sativus L., Sp. Pl. 1012. 1753.

Plantas anuales, rastreras o trepadoras; monoicas; tallos angulares, ásperamente setulosos. Hojas ampliamente ovadas, 4–20 cm de largo y ancho, cordadas, sinuado-denticuladas, híspidas o escábridas, palmadamente 5-anguladas o 5-lobadas, los lobos triangulares u ovado-triangulares, agudos, apiculados, el lobo central más grande; pecíolos 2.5–20 cm de largo, setulosos. Flores estaminadas dispuestas en pequeños fascículos axilares, pedicelos 3–20 mm de largo, hipanto densamente setuloso, 5–10 mm de largo, sépalos 3–6 mm de largo, corola campanulada, pétalos ampliamente ovados, 8–20 mm de largo; flores pistiladas pediceladas, pedicelos 2.5–40 mm de largo, hipanto y perianto como en las flores estaminadas, ovario elipsoide a elipsoide-cilíndrico, 10–25 mm de largo, tuberculado. Fruto globoso a oblongo-cilíndrico, 8–30 cm de largo, obscuramente triquetro, verde, más o menos amarillo cuando maduro, escábrido con tubérculos dispersos apicalmente espiculados; semillas 8–10 mm de largo, 2–5 mm de ancho y 1 mm de grueso.

Ampliamente cultivada y ocasionalmente escapada de cultivo; Zambrana 29; nativa de la región de los Himalayas (C. sativus var. hardwickii (Royle) Alef.); la variedad típica (C. sativus var. sativus) posee frutos mucho más grandes y es ampliamente cultivada por sus frutos comestibles. "Pepino".

Liane' herbacée, monoïque, annuelle; tiges rampantes, très ramifiées, hérissées de poils.' Feuilles' à pétiole de 8-10 cm de long, pubescent; limbe largement ovale-cordé, de 12-18 cm de long et 11-12 cm de large, à bord finement denté, membraneux, 3-5-palmatilobé, à lobes triangulaires et aigus-acuminés au sommet, les 2 faces poilues, à poils apprimés souples; nervures finement marquées sur les 2 faces; vrilles simples, grêles, pubescentes.' Fleurs' ♂ solitaires ou fasciculées; pédicelle grêle, de 0,5-2 cm de long; réceptacle cylindrique ou étroitement campanulé, de 8-10 mm de long, densément poilu; sépales subulés, hispides; pétales oblongs-lancéolés, soudés à la base, de 2-3 cm de long; étamines à filet très court; anthères de 3-4 mm de long.' Fleurs' ♀ solitaires ou fasciculées, à pédicelle assez robuste, de 1-2 cm de long; ovaire fusiforme, couvert de poils raides. Baies oblongues ou cylindriques, de taille variable mais dépassant 10 cm de long, vert jaunâtre, lisses.'Graines blanchâtres, oblongues, aplaties, non marginées, de 8-10 mm de long et 3-5 mm de large.

Répandu dans tous les continents, souvent cultivé.