The World Flora Online

1. Foeniculum vulgare Mill., Gard. Dict. ed. 8, Foeniculum no. 1 (1768). Sintipo: Herb. Cliff. 106 Anethum No. 2 (BM). Ilustr.: Mathias et al., Fl. Il. Catarin. Umbelíferas 45, t. 13 (1972). N.v.: Hinojo, anís, cilantrillo.

Por L. Constance y J. Affolter.

Plantas 90-120 cm, generalmente robustas y formando grupos. Hojas c. 30 × 40 cm, ovadas a triangular-ovadas, pinnadamente compuestas con divisiones posteriores 4-40 × c. 0.5 mm, filiformes, glaucas a verde oscuro; pecíolos 7-15 cm, completamente envainadores. Pedúnculos 1.5-6.5 cm; radios 8-30, 1-12 cm, patente-ascendentes en la flor, ascendentes a suberectos en el frutos, desiguales; pedicelos 2-10 mm, subiguales. Frutos 3.5-8 × 1.5-3 mm, las costillas prominentes, agudas pero no aladas. Ampliamente cultivada y adventicia. Ch (Laughlin 586, MEXU); Y (Váldez 99, MO); B (Dwyer y Spellman, 1981: 233); G (Gross 85, F); H (Molina R. 10140, F); ES (Renderos y Villacorta MR-295, MO); CR (Rodríguez 506, CR). 20-2850 m. (Adventicia en ambos hemisferios.)

Plants 0.4–2 m. Lower petioles 5–15 cm; blade broadly triangular in outline, 4–30 × 5–40 cm, 4–5-pinnatisect; ultimate segments linear, 1–6 × ca. 0.1 mm. Umbels 5–9 cm across; peduncles 2–25 cm; rays 6–29(–40), unequal, 1.5–10 cm; umbellules 14–39-flowered; pedicels thin, 2–10 mm, unequal. Fruit 4–6(–10) × 1.5–2.2(–2.5) mm. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Jul–Sep.

Plants up to 2 m tall, glabrous, glaucous. Stem striate. Leaves 3-4-pinnate; segments filiform, up to 4 cm long; leaf bases sheathing. Rays 5-30, 1-6 cm long. Carpophore divided to the base. Fruit oblong to ovoid, 3-5 mm long, glabrous.

Terrícola

Erva

80–200 cm hoch, kahl, bläulich bereift, aromatisch, am Grund eine Zwiebel bildend. Blätter 2–3fach gefiedert, mit langen, fadenförmigen Zipfeln. Blattscheiden 2–2,5 cm lang, kapuzenförmig ausgezogen. Dolden meist 10–25strahlig, ohne Hüllen u

7–10. Kultiviert und gelegentlich verwildert, z.T. in Weinbergen, an Mauern und Wegrändern eingebürgert, kollin. CH, zerstreut.

Fennel leaves and fruits are used for flavouring; the fruits are sometimes of medicinal use.

Widely cultivated and possibly subspontaneous.

Europe (type) N. Africa, SW. Asia.

Aromatic perennial with a fusiform root; stems erect up to 1.5 m (or more), solid, finely striate, terete, branched, leafy. Ultimate leaf segments up to 40 by 0.5 mm. Rays of umbels 10–30, unequal, 1–4 cm. Petals obovate, deepish-yellow, ca 1 mm long, apically incurved. Fruit 3–5 by 0.5–2 mu ribs subequal.

Short-lived perennial, stout, 1–2 m, glabrous and glaucous; lf-segments mostly 1–4(–5) cm, well under 1 mm wide; rays 10–40, unequal, mostly 2–8 cm at maturity; fr 3.5–4 mm, the ribs acute; 2n=22. Native of the Mediterranean region, now found throughout much of the U.S., especially southward, and elsewhere in warm regions.

Erect, glabrous, biennial or perennial herb 0.6–2(–2.4) m. tall, glaucous particularly above with a strong but pleasant aromatic odour resembling aniseed; root usually slender. Stem sparingly to considerably branched, wiry, terete, finely striate. Umbels numerous, on mostly 2.5–14 cm. peduncles; rays (3–)10–25(–30), glabrous, usually unequal, 2–6(–10) cm; partial umbels ± 6–23-flowered, on glabrous, 0.5–7(–10) mm. pedicels. Lower leaves 3–4-pinnate, with mostly 4–7 pairs of pinnae dissected into capillary segments very variable in length, ± 0.4–12 cm. × 0.5–0.75 mm., each terminating in a sharp generally brownish mucro; largest leaves up to 0.5 m. long, broadly deltoid; petiole ± 2–5 cm.; sheaths narrowly oblong, finely striate, 3.5–12(–20) cm., narrowly membranous-margined, auriculate at the top with blunt to acute, membranous auricles; upper leaves rapidly reducing, sessile on the sheaths, the uppermost often ± reduced to sheaths alone or with a short “brush” of leaflets. Fruit oblong-ellipsoid, slightly laterally compressed, ± 4–6 × 1.75–2.5 mm., the ribs pale and prominent, calyx obsolete; stylopodia at first short, in ripe fruit shortly cylindrical-subconical, margins crenulate; styles short, strongly deflexed on and shorter than the stylopodia. Petals ± 1 mm., yellow. Fig. 30. Stem sparingly to considerably branched, wiry, terete, finely striate. Umbels numerous, on mostly 2.5–14 cm. peduncles; rays (3–)10–25(–30), glabrous, usually unequal, 2–6(–10) cm; partial umbels ± 6–23-flowered, on glabrous, 0.5–7(–10) mm. pedicels. Lower leaves 3–4-pinnate, with mostly 4–7 pairs of pinnae dissected into capillary segments very variable in length, ± 0.4–12 cm. × 0.5–0.75 mm., each terminating in a sharp generally brownish mucro; largest leaves up to 0.5 m. long, broadly deltoid; petiole ± 2–5 cm.; sheaths narrowly oblong, finely striate, 3.5–12(–20) cm., narrowly membranous-margined, auriculate at the top with blunt to acute, membranous auricles; upper leaves rapidly reducing, sessile on the sheaths, the uppermost often ± reduced to sheaths alone or with a short “brush” of leaflets. Fruit oblong-ellipsoid, slightly laterally compressed, ± 4–6 × 1.75–2.5 mm., the ribs pale and prominent, calyx obsolete; stylopodia at first short, in ripe fruit shortly cylindrical-subconical, margins crenulate; styles short, strongly deflexed on and shorter than the stylopodia. Petals ± 1 mm., yellow. Fig. 30.

Fruit 4–8 mm. long, narrowly ovoid at maturity, very distinctly glaucous-grey especially when immature; stylopodium rather low. Mericarps with ribs that are obvious at maturity, but inconspicuous in young fruit. Calyx teeth obsolete; petals bright yellow. Umbels terminal and lateral, rays (4)9–30, 1–11 cm. long, relatively robust and somewhat glaucous. Partial umbels with up to 12 flowers on pedicels 5–10 mm. long; bracts and bracteoles 0 (rarely few). Leaves with well-developed sheathing bases, up to 5 cm. long but frequently much shorter, 3–4-pinnate with finely-divided ultimate segments which are narrowly linear to capillary, becoming reduced upwards towards the inflorescence and finally occurring only as sheathing bases with 0–few linear lobes. Stems rigid when mature and with many fine distinct ribs. Robust, glabrous, somewhat glaucous perennial herb up to 2 m. Calyx teeth obsolete; petals bright yellow. Umbels terminal and lateral, rays (4)9–30, 1–11 cm. long, relatively robust and somewhat glaucous. Partial umbels with up to 12 flowers on pedicels 5–10 mm. long; bracts and bracteoles 0 (rarely few). Leaves with well-developed sheathing bases, up to 5 cm. long but frequently much shorter, 3–4-pinnate with finely-divided ultimate segments which are narrowly linear to capillary, becoming reduced upwards towards the inflorescence and finally occurring only as sheathing bases with 0–few linear lobes. Stems rigid when mature and with many fine distinct ribs. Robust, glabrous, somewhat glaucous perennial herb up to 2 m.