The World Flora Online

7. Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop., Fl. Carniol. ed. 2, 1: 52 (1771).

Por R.W. Pohl y G. Davidse.

Panicum sanguinale L., Sp. Pl. 57 (1753). Lectotipo (designado por Hitchcock, 1908): Anon. (LINN-80.31).

Anuales. Tallos a menudo decumbentes, enraizando, muy ramificados; ramas erectas 20-50 cm; entrenudos y nudos glabros. Hojas más o menos papiloso-hirsutas; lígula 1-2 mm; láminas 3-8 cm x 3-8 mm, linear a linear-lanceoladas. Inflorescencia 4-13 cm; racimos 5-7, 3.5-10 cm, digitados; raquis de los racimos 0.8-1.1 mm de ancho, alado, marginalmente escabroso. Espiguillas 2.5-2.8 mm, pareadas, lanceoladas; gluma inferior c. 0.2 mm, deltoide, enervia; gluma superior 0.7-1 mm, 3-nervia, ciliada; lema inferior tan larga como la espiguilla, las nervaduras marginales escabrosas; lema superior tan larga como la espiguilla, gris oscuro o azulosa; anteras 0.9-1 mm. Malezas en áreas cultivadas. P (Tyson 5807, MO). c. 2000 m. (Nativa del Viejo Mundo; introducida en áreas cálidas y templadas del mundo.)

Annual. Culms erect or decumbent at base, 10–80 cm tall, glabrous or nodes bearded. Leaf sheaths glabrous or sparsely papillose-pilose; leaf blades linear-lanceolate, 5–20 × 0.4–1.2 cm, glabrous or pilose, margins thickened, scabrous; ligule 1–3 mm. Inflorescence digitate or subdigitate, axis 1–2 cm; racemes 4–12, stiff, 5–18 cm; spikelets paired, overlapping by about 2/3 their length; rachis winged, midrib triquetrous, margins scabrous. Spikelets elliptic-lanceolate, 3–3.5 mm, acute; lower glume small, ca. 0.2 mm, triangular; upper glume lanceolate, 1/3–1/2 spikelet length, 3-veined, pubescent, subacute; lower lemma as long as spikelet, 7-veined, veins evenly spaced or a broader interspace flanking the midvein, midvein smooth, lateral veins setiform-scabrous especially toward the apex, appressed-pubescent on lateral intervein spaces and margins, rarely also setose; upper lemma greenish gray or light brown, lanceolate, as long as spikelet, apex acuminate. Anthers ca. 1 mm. Fl. and fr. Jun–Sep. 2n = 28, 36.

Annual; culms 20.60 cm high or sometimes more, decumbent at the base, geniculately ascending. Leaf-blades broadly linear to narrowly lanceolate, 3-30 cm long, 3-17 mm wide. Inflorescence digitate or subdigitate (rarely with an axis up to 15 cm long in robust specimens), composed of 2-16 racemes; racemes stiff, 3-20 cm long, the spikelets binate and overlapping by about two-thirds their length on a winged rhachis with triquetrous midrib; pedicels triquetrous, scabrid, obtuse or slightly expanded at the tip. Spikelets narrowly elliptic to ovate elliptic, 2.3-3.5 mm long, sharply acute; lower glume an ovate scale 0.2 mm long; upper glume a third to half as long as the spikelet, 3-nerved; lower lemma as long as the spikelet, 7-nerved, the nerves evenly spaced (or occasionally with a wide interspace flanking the midrib), scaberulous on the nerves with minute siliceous spines, obscurely and appressedly pubescent, rarely with brownish glassy bristles very rarely with a ciliate frill; fruit lanceolate, grey or light brown.

10–60 cm hoch, am Grund niederliegend und oft verzweigt, an den Knoten wurzelnd. Blätter bis 10 mm breit, oft rotviolett, meist locker behaart. Blatthäutchen 1–2 mm lang. Blütenstand strahlig, mit (2–)4–8 Scheinähren, diese oft nicht einem Punkt

7–10. Äcker, Wegränder, Schuttplätze, auf trockenen Böden, kollin-montan. CH (fehlt im Engadin). Hier als D. sanguinalis aggr. behandelt (inkl. D. sanguinalis und D. ciliaris, vgl. Checklist).

Caule: porte decumbente(s); rizoma(s) ausente(s). Folha: bainha(s) hirsuta(s); lâmina(s) pilosa(s); de superfície(s) plana(s); lígula(s) membranácea(s); de ápice(s) obtuso(s). Inflorescência: panícula(s) de ramo(s) verticilado(s); ramo(s) não concrescido(s) na(s) base; raque não pilosa(s); número de espigueta(s) por nó(s) da raque 2; espigueta(s) pubescente(s); indumento esbranquiçado; gluma(s) inferior(es) presente(s); gluma(s) superior(es) até metade do lema(s) inferior(es); lema(s) inferior(es) de ápice(s) agudo(s); com nervura(s) não equidistante(s)/equidistante(s); nervura(s) lateral(ais) escabra(s); mancha(s) escura na(s) superfície(s) ausente(s). Flor: antécio(s) superior(es) bissexual. Stem: habit decumbent; rhizome absent. Leaf: sheath hirsute; blade pilose; of the surface flat; ligule membranous; of the apex obtuse. Inflorescence: panicle of the shoot whorled; shoot not concresced on the base; rachis not pilose; number of the spikelet by node of the rachis 2; spikelet pubescent; indumentum whitish; glume lower present; glume upper to half of the lemma lower; lemma lower of the apex acute; with veins not equidistant/equidistant; veins lateral scabrous; spot dark on the surface absent. Flower: anthecium upper bisexual. Tallo: porte decumbente(s); rizoma(s) ausente(s). Hoja: vaina(s) hirsuta(s); lámina(s) pilosa(s); de superficie(s) plana(s); lígula(s) membranacea(s); de ápice(s) obtuso(s). Inflorescencia: panícula(s) de ramo(s) verticilado(s); ramo(s) no concrecido(s) en la(s) base; raquis no pilosa(s); número de espigueta(s) por nudo(s) de la raquis 2; espigueta(s) pubescente(s); indumento blancuzco; gluma(s) inferior(es) presente(s); gluma(s) superior(es) hasta mitad del lema(s) inferior(es); lema(s) inferior(es) de ápice(s) agudo(s); con nervura(s) no equidistante(s)/equidistante(s); nervura(s) lateral(es) escabra(s); mancha(s) escura en la(s) superficie(s) ausente(s). Flor: antecio(s) superior(es) bisexual. Stem: habit decumbent; rhizome absent. Leaf: sheath hirsute; blade pilose; of the surface flat; ligule membranous; of the apex obtuse. Inflorescence: panicle of the shoot whorled; shoot not concresced on the base; rachis not pilose; number of the spikelet by node of the rachis 2; spikelet pubescent; indumentum whitish; glume lower present; glume upper to half of the lemma lower; lemma lower of the apex acute; with veins not equidistant/equidistant; veins lateral scabrous; spot dark on the surface absent. Flower: anthecium upper bisexual. Tallo: porte decumbente(s); rizoma(s) ausente(s). Hoja: vaina(s) hirsuta(s); lámina(s) pilosa(s); de superficie(s) plana(s); lígula(s) membranacea(s); de ápice(s) obtuso(s). Inflorescencia: panícula(s) de ramo(s) verticilado(s); ramo(s) no concrecido(s) en la(s) base; raquis no pilosa(s); número de espigueta(s) por nudo(s) de la raquis 2; espigueta(s) pubescente(s); indumento blancuzco; gluma(s) inferior(es) presente(s); gluma(s) superior(es) hasta mitad del lema(s) inferior(es); lema(s) inferior(es) de ápice(s) agudo(s); con nervura(s) no equidistante(s)/equidistante(s); nervura(s) lateral(es) escabra(s); mancha(s) escura en la(s) superficie(s) ausente(s). Flor: antecio(s) superior(es) bisexual.

Terrícola

Erva

A common weed in cultivated ground and waste places, in warm temperate and tropical regions around the world.

Decumbent or geniculate-spreading annual; culms geniculate and commonly rooting at the lower nodes, ascending, 15 cm. to more than 1 m. long; sheaths shorter than the internodes, sparsely to rather densely papillose-hirsute; ligule membranaceous, truncate, 1-2 mm. long; blades 2-10 cm. long, or sometimes longer in robust specimens, 2-9 mm. wide, scabrous, sparsely to rather densely pilose or papillose-pilose with prominent white midnerve and margins; racemes 2-several, digitate or with a second whorl a short distance below, the rachis about 1 mm. wide, narrowly winged; spikelets 3 mm. long, the first glume small but plainly evident; second glume acuminate, about three-fourths as long as the fruit; sterile lemma slightly longer than the fruit, from nearly glabrous to prominently villous on the margins.

Decumbent or prostrate, much branched, rooting at the nodes, usually 3–6 dm; sheaths and blades papillose-pilose, the blades 4–10 cm × 5–10 mm; racemes 3–6 in each of 1–3 whorls, 5–15 cm; rachis 1 mm wide, broadly winged, scabrous on the margins; pedicels triquetrous, scabrous; spikelets 2.4–3.2 mm; first glume minute, often deciduous, the second 0.8–1.8 mm, a third to three-fifths the length of the spikelet; sterile lemma usually scabrous on the 5 strong veins; fertile lemma grayish-brown; 2n=18–76, mostly 36. Native of Europe, now cosmop. and established as a weed of lawns, fields, gardens, and waste places throughout our range and w. to the Pacific, giving way southward to no. 5 [Digitaria ciliaris (Retz.) Koeler].

Leaf-blades broadly linear to narrowly lanceolate, 3–30 cm. long, 3–17 mm. wide. Annual; culms 20–60 cm. high or sometimes more, decumbent at the base, geniculately ascending. Inflorescence digitate or subdigitate (rarely with an axis up to 5 cm. long in robust specimens), of 2–16 racemes; racemes stiff, 3–20 cm. long, the spikelets binate and overlapping by about 2/3 of their length on a winged rhachis with triquetrous midrib. Spikelets narrowly elliptic to ovate-elliptic, 2.3–3.5 mm. long, acute; lower glume a little ovate scale 0.2 mm. long; upper glume 1/3–1/2 as long as the spikelet, 3-nerved; lower lemma as long as the spikelet, 7-nerved, the nerves evenly spaced (or occasionally with a wide interspace flanking the midrib) and scaberulous, obscurely and appressedly pubescent, rarely with brownish glassy bristles, very rarely with a ciliate frill; fruit lanceolate, grey or light brown, as long as the lower lemma or almost so. Annual; culms 20–60 cm. high or sometimes more, decumbent at the base, geniculately ascending. Inflorescence digitate or subdigitate (rarely with an axis up to 5 cm. long in robust specimens), of 2–16 racemes; racemes stiff, 3–20 cm. long, the spikelets binate and overlapping by about 2/3 of their length on a winged rhachis with triquetrous midrib. Spikelets narrowly elliptic to ovate-elliptic, 2.3–3.5 mm. long, acute; lower glume a little ovate scale 0.2 mm. long; upper glume 1/3–1/2 as long as the spikelet, 3-nerved; lower lemma as long as the spikelet, 7-nerved, the nerves evenly spaced (or occasionally with a wide interspace flanking the midrib) and scaberulous, obscurely and appressedly pubescent, rarely with brownish glassy bristles, very rarely with a ciliate frill; fruit lanceolate, grey or light brown, as long as the lower lemma or almost so.

Closely related to and intergrading with D. ciliaris, D. nuda and D. velutina.

Naturalised from Europe. Warm temperate and tropical regions having been introduced in many parts of the world. Widespread in South Africa. N, B, L, S, LIM, NW, G, M, FS, KZN, NC, WC, EC. Native to Europe. European weed. Native to Europe. Widespread European weed. Native to Europe. European weed. Native to Europe. Widespread European weed.

Spreading annual to 50 cm. Leaves linear. Spikelets in 3-12 digitately arranged racemes, lemmas scabrid. Annual; up to 0.6 m high; tufted. Culms branched; decumbent and rooting from lower nodes. Leaf blades 27-170 x 3-10 mm. Flowers: inflorescence digitate or subdigitate; racemes 3-12; 40-105 mm long; spikelets 2.3-3.1 x 1 mm; lower lemma equalling or shorter than spikelet; scaberulous along nerves; very rarely with a ciliate frill. Spreading annual, up to 0.5 m tall, often rooting at nodes. Leaves linear; ligule an unfringed membrane. Inflorescence of 3-12 digitately or subdigitately arranged racemes, rhachis broadly winged. Spikelets 2.3-3.1 mm long, appressed hairy, hairs long and dense; upper glume shorter than spikelet; 2-flowered, lower sterile, awnless; nerves of lemma scabrid (often very difficult to see); upper lemma of `digitaria' type. Annual, tufted, up to 0.6 m high. Leaf blades 27-170 mm long, 3-10 mm wide. Culms branched, decumbent and rooting from lower nodes. Spikelets 2.3-3.1 mm long, 1 mm wide. Racemes 3-12, digitate or subdigitate, 40-105 mm long; lower lemma equalling or shorter than spikelet, scaberulous along nerves, very rarely with a ciliate frill. Tufted annual 200-600 mm high; culms branched, decumbent, rooting from lower nodes, nodes dark, glabrous. Leaf blade 27-170 x 3-10 mm. Inflorescence digitate or subdigitate, of 3-12 racemes 40-120 mm long; rachis triquetrous, broadly winged, glabrous to scaberulous; pedicel triangular, scaberulous; spikelets paired. Spikelet (1.8)2.3-3.5 mm long, acute; internode absent; lower glume a small ovate-triangular scale 0.2-0.3 mm long; upper glume shorter to nearly as long as spikelet, 3-nerved, adpressed hairy, hairs fine, acute; lower lemma equalling or just shorter than spikelet, acute, 7-nerved, scaberulous along nerves (may need a strong lens and easier to see near apex); upper lemma exposed, as long as spikelet, acute, pale yellow to pale brown; anthers 0.7-1.2 mm long. Annual; up to 0.6 m high; tufted. Culms branched; decumbent and rooting from lower nodes. Leaf blades 27-170 x 3-10 mm. Flowers: inflorescence digitate or subdigitate; racemes 3-12; 40-105 mm long; spikelets 2.3-3.1 x 1 mm; lower lemma equalling or shorter than spikelet; scaberulous along nerves; very rarely with a ciliate frill. Spreading annual, up to 0.5 m tall, often rooting at nodes. Leaves linear; ligule an unfringed membrane. Inflorescence of 3-12 digitately or subdigitately arranged racemes, rhachis broadly winged. Spikelets 2.3-3.1 mm long, appressed hairy, hairs long and dense; upper glume shorter than spikelet; 2-flowered, lower sterile, awnless; nerves of lemma scabrid (often very difficult to see); upper lemma of `digitaria' type. Annual, tufted, up to 0.6 m high. Leaf blades 27-170 mm long, 3-10 mm wide. Culms branched, decumbent and rooting from lower nodes. Spikelets 2.3-3.1 mm long, 1 mm wide. Racemes 3-12, digitate or subdigitate, 40-105 mm long; lower lemma equalling or shorter than spikelet, scaberulous along nerves, very rarely with a ciliate frill. Tufted annual 200-600 mm high; culms branched, decumbent, rooting from lower nodes, nodes dark, glabrous. Leaf blade 27-170 x 3-10 mm. Inflorescence digitate or subdigitate, of 3-12 racemes 40-120 mm long; rachis triquetrous, broadly winged, glabrous to scaberulous; pedicel triangular, scaberulous; spikelets paired. Spikelet (1.8)2.3-3.5 mm long, acute; internode absent; lower glume a small ovate-triangular scale 0.2-0.3 mm long; upper glume shorter to nearly as long as spikelet, 3-nerved, adpressed hairy, hairs fine, acute; lower lemma equalling or just shorter than spikelet, acute, 7-nerved, scaberulous along nerves (may need a strong lens and easier to see near apex); upper lemma exposed, as long as spikelet, acute, pale yellow to pale brown; anthers 0.7-1.2 mm long.

Kalahari Deciduous Acacia-wooded Grassland; Dry Grassland; Mesic Grassland; Dwarf Karroid Shrubland. Disturbed areas. Disturbed areas. Disturbed areas. Disturbed areas. Disturbed areas. Disturbed areas. Disturbed areas. Disturbed areas. Disturbed areas.

Superior lemma as long as to somewhat shorter than the spikelet, oblong-lanceolate, slightly acuminate, pale yellow to pale brown, sometimes purplish tinged. Inferior lemma as long as the spikelet, ovate-oblong, 7-nerved, nerves scabrous, especially the subcentral and submarginal nerves, central zone often broad, appressed hairy. Superior glume 1/3–2/3 of the spikelet, ovate to oblong triangular, 3-nerved, appressed hairy, hairs fine, smooth, acute. Inferior glume short, triangular, sometimes truncate or even slightly bifid. Pedicels 2-nate, 0.3–3 mm. long, triangular, scabrous, scarcely widened at the apex. Rhachis triquetrous, broadly winged, up to 0.7 mm. wide, smooth to scaberulous with scabrous margins. Spikelets (1.8)2.1–2.8 mm. long, ovate-oblong. Culms 20–60 cm., decumbent or creeping at the base, glabrous, nodes dark and glabrous. A loosely caespitose or solitary growing annual. Ligule 1–2 mm. long, truncate, erose. Leaf sheaths smooth to scaberulous. Inflorescence composed of (2)4–8 racemes, (3)6–12 cm. long, erect, (2)3–4(5) in a inferior whorl, sometimes a second, superior whorl of 2–3 racemes. Leaf laminae 3–12 × 0.1–0.5 cm., linear, flat, scaberulous on both surfaces, with a few bulbous based bristles on the superior surface, near the base, scaberulous along the margin. Inferior lemma as long as the spikelet, ovate-oblong, 7-nerved, nerves scabrous, especially the subcentral and submarginal nerves, central zone often broad, appressed hairy. Superior glume 1/3–2/3 of the spikelet, ovate to oblong triangular, 3-nerved, appressed hairy, hairs fine, smooth, acute. Inferior glume short, triangular, sometimes truncate or even slightly bifid. Pedicels 2-nate, 0.3–3 mm. long, triangular, scabrous, scarcely widened at the apex. Rhachis triquetrous, broadly winged, up to 0.7 mm. wide, smooth to scaberulous with scabrous margins. Spikelets (1.8)2.1–2.8 mm. long, ovate-oblong. Culms 20–60 cm., decumbent or creeping at the base, glabrous, nodes dark and glabrous. A loosely caespitose or solitary growing annual. Ligule 1–2 mm. long, truncate, erose. Leaf sheaths smooth to scaberulous. Inflorescence composed of (2)4–8 racemes, (3)6–12 cm. long, erect, (2)3–4(5) in a inferior whorl, sometimes a second, superior whorl of 2–3 racemes. Leaf laminae 3–12 × 0.1–0.5 cm., linear, flat, scaberulous on both surfaces, with a few bulbous based bristles on the superior surface, near the base, scaberulous along the margin.