The World Flora Online

Stem: rhizome short trailling/decumbent; scale of the rhizome pilose. Leaf: petiole with trichome simple; division of the blade 1 pinnate pinnatifid; side abaxial of the pinae setiform; veins free; veins basal of the segment adjacent united below sinus. Type of sporangium: sori median; indusium present; indumentum of the indusium pilose. Sporangium: sporangium glabrous/hair glandular. Caule: rizoma(s) curto(s) reptante(s)/decumbente(s); escama(s) do rizoma(s) pilosa(s). Folha: pecíolo(s) com tricoma(s) simples; divisão da lâmina(s) 1 pinado(s) pinatifida(s); face(s) abaxial das pinas setiforme(s); nervura(s) livre(s); nervura(s) basal(ais) de segmento(s) adjacente(s) unida(s) abaixo sinus. Tipo de esporângio: soro(s) mediano(s); indúsio presente(s); indumento do indúsio piloso(s). Esporângio: esporângio(s) glabro(s)/tricoma(s) glandular(es). Tallo: rizoma(s) corto(s) reptante(s)/decumbente(s); escama(s) del rizoma(s) pilosa(s). Hoja: pecíolo(s) con tricoma(s) simples; división de la lámina(s) 1 pinado(s) pinatifida(s); face(s) abaxial de las pinas setiforme(s); nervura(s) libre(s); nervura(s) basal(es) de segmento(s) adyacente(s) unida(s) abajo sinus. Tipo de esporangio: soro(s) mediano(s); indusio presente(s); indumento del indusio piloso(s). Esporangio: esporangio(s) glabro(s)/pelo(s) glandular(es). Caule: rizoma(s) curto(s) reptante(s)/decumbente(s); escama(s) do rizoma(s) pilosa(s). Folha: pecíolo(s) com tricoma(s) simples; divisão da lâmina(s) 1 pinado(s) pinatifida(s); face(s) abaxial das pinas setiforme(s); nervura(s) livre(s); nervura(s) basal(ais) de segmento(s) adjacente(s) unida(s) abaixo sinus. Tipo de esporângio: soro(s) mediano(s); indúsio presente(s); indumento do indúsio piloso(s). Esporângio: esporângio(s) glabro(s)/tricoma(s) glandular(es). Tallo: rizoma(s) corto(s) reptante(s)/decumbente(s); escama(s) del rizoma(s) pilosa(s). Hoja: pecíolo(s) con tricoma(s) simples; división de la lámina(s) 1 pinado(s) pinatifida(s); face(s) abaxial de las pinas setiforme(s); nervura(s) libre(s); nervura(s) basal(es) de segmento(s) adyacente(s) unida(s) abajo sinus. Tipo de esporangio: soro(s) mediano(s); indusio presente(s); indumento del indusio piloso(s). Esporangio: esporangio(s) glabro(s)/pelo(s) glandular(es).

Rupícola Terrícola Terrícola

Erva

Terrestrial, along stream banks in forest, on forest floor, and frequently also in disturbed sites such as road cuttings, mostly in light shade, but often also in full sunlight. Not edaphically bound. Forest floors and margins, 500-1600 m. It grows in somewhat open places and has followed the destruction of forest by man. Forest floors and margins. Forest floors and margins, 500-1600 m. It grows in somewhat open places and has followed the destruction of forest by man. Forest floors and margins.

Rhizome shortly creeping, set with dark brown, acuminate, entire, thinly pilose rhizome-scales up to 6 mm long. Fronds closely spaced, arching, herbaceous, non-proliferous; stipe thinly pubescent and set with scales basally; lamina elliptic to narrowly elliptic, apex acuminate with a deeply pinnatifid terminal segment, basal 2-4 pairs of pinnae gradually decrescent; middle pinnae linear-lanceolate, caudate with a narrow, attenuate, subentire segment apically, deeply pinnatifid into oblong, slightly falcate, subentire lobes up to 5 mm broad; one pair or usually a pair and a single vein anastomosing at and below sinus. Sori circular, medial, up to 14 per lobe; indusium up to 1 mm in diameter, pilose with short white hairs. Caudex short-creeping, size of fronds very variable according to situation; stipes to 50 cm; frond to 90 cm long, lower 2-4 pairs pinnae gradually smaller, more widely spaced, with enlarged crenate basal acroscopic lobes. Largest pinnae to 15 x 2.5 cm, lobed a little over 1/2 way to costa; costules 3.5-4 mm apart; veins 8-9 pairs, lowest pair anastomosing with excurrent vein to sinus, one or both of next pair to sides of membrane; lower surface of rachis and costae bearing erect hairs 1/3 mm long, shorter hairs on costules, veins and surface; upper surface with long hairs on costa and scattered on costules and veins, minute hairs between veins. Sori medial; indusia short-hairy. Rhizome shortly creeping, set with dark brown rhizome scales. Fronds up to 1.5 m long. Pinnae linear-lanceolate, deeply pinnatifid into oblong, obtuse lobes, lowest 2-4 pairs of pinnae gradually decrescent. Sori circular, medial, up to 14 per lobe. Plants terrestrial. Rhizome decumbent, simple or branched, to 200 mm long, to 6 mm in diameter, closely set with roots, stipe bases, and scales, scales chartaceous, ferrugineous, sessile, lanceolate, margins irregularly set with pluricellular, recurrent hairs terminating in an oblong thin-walled cell, and unicellular acicular hairs occurring along the margin and on the scale surface, scale apex terminates in an oblong thin- walled cell, to 10 mm long, to 1.5 mm wide. Fronds closely spaced, to 10 mm apart, erect to arching, to 1.5 m long; stipe firm, purple-brown, adaxially sulcate, to 445 mm long, to 6 mm in diameter, proximally moderately scaled, scales chartaceous, ferrugineous, sessile, lanceolate, margins irregularly set with pluricellular, recurrent hairs terminating in an oblong thin-walled cell, unicellular oblong cells and unicellular, acicular hairs, which also occur on the scale lamina, closely set with stramineous, unicellular, acicular hairs; lamina 1-pinnate-pinnatifid, elliptic, to 1.05 m long, to 450 mm wide, with up to 30 free pinna pairs, at least the 4 basal pinna pairs gradually reduced; rachis purple-brown, adaxially sulcate, sulcus not open to that of the costa, closely set with hairs similar to those on the stipe; pinnae sessile, herbaceous, opposite to alternate, spaced, but often overlapping towards the apex, oblong-cuneate, basal pinnae often acroscopically auricled, to 220 mm long, to 25 mm wide, deeply lobed, lobes oblong-acute, often somewhat falcate, to 13 mm long, to 4.5 mm wide, adaxially moderately set with hyaline, unicellular, acicular hairs along the costa, veins, and between the veins, abaxially densely set with hyaline, unicellular, acicular hairs along and between the veins, to 0.6 mm long; costa adaxially sulcate, pronounced abaxially, set with hairs similar to those on the rachis. Venation proximally anadromous, distally catadromous, evident, pinnately branched in the lobes, branches simple, ending in the margin, with a single pair of veins anastomosing below the sinus, with the excurrent vein terminating in the sinus between the lobes. Sori circular, medial on the veins, up to 7 pairs per lobe; indusium chartaceous, brown, persistent, reniform, with unicellular, acicular hairs along the margin and surface, to 1 mm in diameter; receptacle nude; sporangium long-stalked, 3-seriate below the capsule, simple or glandular, capsule circular in lateral view, with (13-)14(-16) indurated annulus cells, epistomium (2-)3(-4)-celled, hypostomium (3-)4-celled. Spores 64 spores per sporangium, dark brown, ellipsoidal, monolete, closely set with narrow reticulate ridges, (36-)38.1(-42) x (24-)27.1(-28) µm. Caudex short-creeping, size of fronds very variable according to situation; stipes to 50 cm; frond to 90 cm long, lower 2-4 pairs pinnae gradually smaller, more widely spaced, with enlarged crenate basal acroscopic lobes. Largest pinnae to 15 x 2.5 cm, lobed a little over 1/2 way to costa; costules 3.5-4 mm apart; veins 8-9 pairs, lowest pair anastomosing with excurrent vein to sinus, one or both of next pair to sides of membrane; lower surface of rachis and costae bearing erect hairs 1/3 mm long, shorter hairs on costules, veins and surface; upper surface with long hairs on costa and scattered on costules and veins, minute hairs between veins. Sori medial; indusia short-hairy. Rhizome shortly creeping, set with dark brown rhizome scales. Fronds up to 1.5 m long. Pinnae linear-lanceolate, deeply pinnatifid into oblong, obtuse lobes, lowest 2-4 pairs of pinnae gradually decrescent. Sori circular, medial, up to 14 per lobe. Plants terrestrial. Rhizome decumbent, simple or branched, to 200 mm long, to 6 mm in diameter, closely set with roots, stipe bases, and scales, scales chartaceous, ferrugineous, sessile, lanceolate, margins irregularly set with pluricellular, recurrent hairs terminating in an oblong thin-walled cell, and unicellular acicular hairs occurring along the margin and on the scale surface, scale apex terminates in an oblong thin- walled cell, to 10 mm long, to 1.5 mm wide. Fronds closely spaced, to 10 mm apart, erect to arching, to 1.5 m long; stipe firm, purple-brown, adaxially sulcate, to 445 mm long, to 6 mm in diameter, proximally moderately scaled, scales chartaceous, ferrugineous, sessile, lanceolate, margins irregularly set with pluricellular, recurrent hairs terminating in an oblong thin-walled cell, unicellular oblong cells and unicellular, acicular hairs, which also occur on the scale lamina, closely set with stramineous, unicellular, acicular hairs; lamina 1-pinnate-pinnatifid, elliptic, to 1.05 m long, to 450 mm wide, with up to 30 free pinna pairs, at least the 4 basal pinna pairs gradually reduced; rachis purple-brown, adaxially sulcate, sulcus not open to that of the costa, closely set with hairs similar to those on the stipe; pinnae sessile, herbaceous, opposite to alternate, spaced, but often overlapping towards the apex, oblong-cuneate, basal pinnae often acroscopically auricled, to 220 mm long, to 25 mm wide, deeply lobed, lobes oblong-acute, often somewhat falcate, to 13 mm long, to 4.5 mm wide, adaxially moderately set with hyaline, unicellular, acicular hairs along the costa, veins, and between the veins, abaxially densely set with hyaline, unicellular, acicular hairs along and between the veins, to 0.6 mm long; costa adaxially sulcate, pronounced abaxially, set with hairs similar to those on the rachis. Venation proximally anadromous, distally catadromous, evident, pinnately branched in the lobes, branches simple, ending in the margin, with a single pair of veins anastomosing below the sinus, with the excurrent vein terminating in the sinus between the lobes. Sori circular, medial on the veins, up to 7 pairs per lobe; indusium chartaceous, brown, persistent, reniform, with unicellular, acicular hairs along the margin and surface, to 1 mm in diameter; receptacle nude; sporangium long-stalked, 3-seriate below the capsule, simple or glandular, capsule circular in lateral view, with (13-)14(-16) indurated annulus cells, epistomium (2-)3(-4)-celled, hypostomium (3-)4-celled. Spores 64 spores per sporangium, dark brown, ellipsoidal, monolete, closely set with narrow reticulate ridges, (36-)38.1(-42) x (24-)27.1(-28) µm.

Eastern Cape Province, Transkei, Natal, Swaziland, Transvaal, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Zambia, Angola, Zaire, Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Ethiopia, Sudan, Central African Republic, Cameroun, Equatorial Guinea, Nigeria, Benin, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Sierra Leone, Cape Verde Islands, Canary Islands, Tenerife, Madeira, Azores Islands, Ascension Islands, Madagascar, Zanzibar, Socotra, Yemen. A pantropical species that is widespread in sub-Saharan Africa. Throughout tropics of Old World, adventive in some parts of tropical America. A pantropical species that is widespread in sub-Saharan Africa. Throughout tropics of Old World, adventive in some parts of tropical America.