The World Flora Online

Rhizome erect, short, thick, 1.5-2 cm in diam., woody, apex with brown scales. Fronds clustered; stipe 60-80 cm, slightly extended at base, 1-2 cm in diam., firm, scabrous, glabrous or with purple-brownish bristles, broadly grooved adaxially; lamina usually 3-partite, lateral branches usually pedately divided, broadly ovate-pentagonal in outline, 70-85 × ca. 60 cm; central division 1- or 2-pinnatipartite, 50-70 × 20-25 cm, basal stalk 7-10 cm, thicker; lateral pinnae more than 20 pairs, alternate, oblique or decumbent, basal ones shortly stalked, 3-4 cm apart, apical ones sessile, lanceolate, 11-15(-20) × 2-2.5 (-3.5) cm, base subtruncate to broadly cuneate, deeply pectinately divided to leave narrowly winged costule, margins flat serrate, apex linear-caudate (1-2 cm); basal pinnules slightly shorter; segments 23-30 pairs, alternate, contiguous or acutely incised, 1-2 mm apart, oblique, oblong or broadly lanceolate, 10-13(-18) × 3.5-4.5 mm, margins obtusely flat serrate, apex acuminate or obtuse; terminal pinna similar to lateral pinnae, base cuneate with short stalk; costules prominent abaxially, glabrous, slightly grooved adaxially, with short spines; veins conspicuous on both surfaces, oblique, acroscopic vein of segment base anastomosing with basiscopic vein of adjacent segment into an arcuate vein, to form a series of narrow areoles along costules, and with several free simple veinlets arriving at incision in outer edge of arcuate vein, apical 2 or 3 pairs simple, other 2-forked at base, decumbent; lamina pale green or gray-green, firmly herbaceous when dried, subglabrous; glabrous, slightly grooved adaxially.

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• 1
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Rhizome thick, short, erect, densely scaly at apex; scales oblong-subtriangular, up to 1 cm long, 4 mm broad at base, brown, concolorous, entire. Stipe thick, usually more than 1 m long, dark brown and scaly at base, pale castaneous or stramineous upwards, puberulous or glabrescent. Lamina tripartite, middle branch deeply bipinnatisect, up to 100 by 25 cm, lateral branches nearly as long as middle one, each bearing a large secondary bipinnatifid branch on lower side towards base, secondary branch sometimes with bipinnatifid branch; lateral pinnae up to 20 pairs in middle branch and about 15 in lateral branch, linear-lanceolate, caudately acuminate at apex, broadly cuneate at sessile base, up to 25 by 4.5 cm, deeply lobed almost to costa remaining wings about 1.5 mm broad; ultimate segments narrowly oblong, falcate, acute at apex, serrate at margin, herbaceous or thicker, yellow-green, glabrous; veins forming narrow costal areoles, the other veins forked, free, more or less visible on both surfaces. Sori continuous along margin from base to midway or sometimes to apical part of segments; indusia rather thick, pale green at outside and paler inwards, entire.

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• 5
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Terrestrial in light shade or half-shaded places at low to Medium altitudes.

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• 5
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Thailand, N. India (type), S. China, Laos, S. Japan to Taiwan, South to Java, Celebes, and a variety in Samoa.

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• 5
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