The World Flora Online

23. Trichomanes krausii Hook. et Grev., Icon. Filic. 2: t. 149 (1830). Tipo: Dominica, Kraus s.n. (E).

Por L. Pacheco.

Epífitas; rizoma 0.1-0.6 mm de diámetro, rastrero, negruzco, peloso, los tricomas abundantes, aplanados, flexuosos, negros; entrenudos cercanos; hojas 1.4-7.1 x 0.7-2.8 cm, monomorfas; pecíolo 0.1-19 x 0.2-0.6 mm, aplanado, negruzco, cuando alado, las alas verdes de 1/4-3/4 la longitud del pecíolo, 0.1-0.5 mm de ancho, peloso, los tricomas hirsutos, cortos, negruzcos; lámina 1.2-6 cm, oblonga, obovada, ovada, lanceolada a trulada, 1-3-pinnatífida, membranácea, verde a negruzca, pelosa, los tricomas negros, simples o bífidos en los márgenes y estrellados sólo en los senos, la base decurrente, el ápice irregular; pinnas 3-15 pares, 0.5-2.5 x 0.1-2 cm, irregulares, oblongas, ovadas a obovadas, ascendentes, las pinnas inferiores reducidas; últimos segmentos 0.7-3 mm, oblongos, el ápice obtuso, undulado, la costa gruesa; nervación catádroma, pinnada; nervadura falsa submarginal ausente, con pocas nervaduras falsas paralelas a los márgenes y muy cerca de ellos, a veces transversas y conectadas a las verdaderas; células isodiamétricas, 8-17 series de células entre 2 nervaduras verdaderas; soros 2-25 por lámina, 1-2 por segmento en el ápice de los segmentos, al final de una nervadura verdadera; involucro 2-4 x 0.5-1 mm, completamente inmerso o por lo menos marginado hasta los labios, infundibuliforme, 2-labiado, los labios casi tan largos como anchos pero más anchos que el tubo, los márgenes enteros, con varias hileras de células pardas; receptáculo inserto o exerto, filiforme; esporangios 5-20 por soro. Bosques húmedos montanos, selvas bajas y medias subcaducifolias, selvas altas subperennifolias inundables, bosques de neblina, selvas altas perennifolias, relictos de bosques húmedos premontanos, bosques premontanos secundarios. Ch (Pacheco et al. 951, UAMIZ); G (Steyermark 46378, F); H (Standley 54858, F); ES (Seiler 1020, F); N (Standley 10977, F); CR (Pérez-García et al. 414, UAMIZ); P (Nee 6608, MO). 0-1800 m. (México, Mesoamérica, Colombia, Venezuela, Guayanas, Ecuador, Perú, Bolivia, S. Brasil, Paraguay, NO. Argentina, Antillas, Trinidad.)

Trichomanes krausii Hook. & Grev., Icon. Filic. 2: t. 149. 1830; Didymoglossum krausii (Hook. & Grev.) C. Presl. Fig. 145 K, L.Plantas epífitas; hojas 1–5 cm de largo y 0.7–4 cm de ancho, monomorfas; pecíolo aplanado, cuando alado el ala 1/4–3/4 de su longitud; lámina 1–3-pinnatífida, membranácea, mayormente translúcida, con tricomas simples o bífidos en el margen y estrellados sólo en los senos; pinnas 3–10 pares; venación pinna­da, catádroma, nervio falso submarginal ausente, pocos ner­vios falsos paralelos cercanos a los márgenes y además a veces transversales; involucro completamente inmer­so en el tejido foliar o por lo menos marginado hasta los labios; receptáculo inserto o exerto.Nebliselvas, bosques húmedos y pluvioselvas; Neill 3267-c, Stevens 5028; 0–1600 m; México a Argentina y Brasil, las Antillas. Tratada en Shimek (1897: p. 130, t. 2, f. 1) como Trichomanes pusillum Sw., especie desconocida en Nicaragua. NT

Difficult to distinguish from the much more common T. reptans, but T. krausii can be identified by its occurrence at low elevations, 0–500(–1070) m (vs. 900–2500 m in T. reptans), and the false veins being more or less parallel to the margins and generally not between the true veins; 2n =136 (Jam). Rhizome slender, long-creeping, densely clothed with minute, blackish, hairlike rhizoids. Fronds 2-4(-9) cm long, short-stipitate; stipes 0.5-1 (-1.5) cm long, together with proximal part of rhachis densely blackish-radiculose like the rhizome. Blades broadly oblong to lance-oblong, 1-2.5 cm broad near the middle, deeply pinnatifid to 2-pinnatifid; rhachis winged; segments oblong- linear, unequal, separated by broad, open sinuses each with a large stellate hair on a tooth at the bottom, the margins otherwise with simple or forked hairs, often slightly to strongly undulate; veins free, pinnately branched from the costa at an oblique angle, catadromous; false veinlets usually few, parallel to the tme veins and often parallel to and near the margins; tissue membranous, somewhat translucent. Sori several on a frond, solitary at the tips of apical or distal segments; involucres cylindric-turbinate, 1.5-2 mm long, partly immersed or at leastwinged; mouth broadly two-lipped, flaring; lips semi-orbicular, usually with marginal dark brown line one cell wide, sometimes also with a paler brown zone several cells wide; receptacle becoming somewhat exserted with age; spores subglobose, densely tuberculate. Plants epiphytic. Rhizomes long-creeping, pubescent. Fronds monomorphic, bipinnatifid; petiole 1-12 mm long, without wing, pubescent; blade oblong to lanceolate, 2-5 X 0.5-2 cm, with pinnate veins, the margin with stellate hairs. Involucres 2—3 mm long, partially immersed in lateral segments. Rhizome slender, long-creeping, densely clothed with minute, blackish, hairlike rhizoids. Fronds 2-4(-9) cm long, short-stipitate; stipes 0.5-1 (-1.5) cm long, together with proximal part of rhachis densely blackish-radiculose like the rhizome. Blades broadly oblong to lance-oblong, 1-2.5 cm broad near the middle, deeply pinnatifid to 2-pinnatifid; rhachis winged; segments oblong- linear, unequal, separated by broad, open sinuses each with a large stellate hair on a tooth at the bottom, the margins otherwise with simple or forked hairs, often slightly to strongly undulate; veins free, pinnately branched from the costa at an oblique angle, catadromous; false veinlets usually few, parallel to the tme veins and often parallel to and near the margins; tissue membranous, somewhat translucent. Sori several on a frond, solitary at the tips of apical or distal segments; involucres cylindric-turbinate, 1.5-2 mm long, partly immersed or at leastwinged; mouth broadly two-lipped, flaring; lips semi-orbicular, usually with marginal dark brown line one cell wide, sometimes also with a paler brown zone several cells wide; receptacle becoming somewhat exserted with age; spores subglobose, densely tuberculate. Plants epiphytic. Rhizomes long-creeping, pubescent. Fronds monomorphic, bipinnatifid; petiole 1-12 mm long, without wing, pubescent; blade oblong to lanceolate, 2-5 X 0.5-2 cm, with pinnate veins, the margin with stellate hairs. Involucres 2—3 mm long, partially immersed in lateral segments.

In lowland forest. 0–500 m. USA (Fla); Mexico; Guat, Hond, Salv, Nic, CR, Pan; Gr & L Ant; Ven, Trin, Guy, Sur, Fr Gui, Ec, Peru, Braz, Bol, Parag, Arg. Florida, Greater and Lesser Antilles, and continental tropical America from Mexico to Argentina and Brazil. Distribution in Puerto Rico. Widely distributed; recorded from Arecibo, Cayey, Ciales, Gurabo, Hatillo, Isabela, Mayagñez, Naguabo, Quebradillas, Utuado, and Yabucoa. Habitat. On mossy tree-trunks and on sides of boulders in deep shade at low to middle elevations (45-270 m), locally common. 0–500 m. USA (Fla); Mexico; Guat, Hond, Salv, Nic, CR, Pan; Gr & L Ant; Ven, Trin, Guy, Sur, Fr Gui, Ec, Peru, Braz, Bol, Parag, Arg. Florida, Greater and Lesser Antilles, and continental tropical America from Mexico to Argentina and Brazil. Distribution in Puerto Rico. Widely distributed; recorded from Arecibo, Cayey, Ciales, Gurabo, Hatillo, Isabela, Mayagñez, Naguabo, Quebradillas, Utuado, and Yabucoa. Habitat. On mossy tree-trunks and on sides of boulders in deep shade at low to middle elevations (45-270 m), locally common.

Plants epiphytic or on rock. Stems long-creeping, threadlike, bearing scattered leaves; stems covered with dark hairs of 2 types: 2-celled glandular hairs and elongate rhizoidlike hairs; roots absent. Leaves oblong, 1--2-pinnatifid, 1--5 × 0.5--1.5 cm, with dark, stellate marginal hairs between lobes, 2-celled glandular hairs on petioles and veins, and dark rhizoidlike hairs on petioles and sometimes abaxially on blades; petioles shorter than blades. Venation pinnate with unconnected false veins. Soral involucres terminal on lobes near leaf apices, conic, flaring at mouth; involucre lips narrowly dark edged. Gametophytes composed entirely of branching filaments. Gemmae composed of short filaments of undifferentiated cells. 2 n = 136.