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2. Dennstaedtia bipinnata (Cav.) Maxon, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 51: 39 (1938).

Por R.C. Moran.

Dicksonia bipinnata Cav., Descr. Pl. 174 (1801). Holotipo: Puerto Rico, Ventenat s.n. (MA).

Rizoma 0.5-1 cm de diámetro, largamente rastrero, los entrenudos 5-8 cm; hojas 2-3 x 1-1.5 m; pecíolo casi tan largo como la lámina; lámina deltada, 3-4-pinnado-pinnatífida, lustrosa y más o menos estriada en el envés; pinnas basales hasta 80 x 25 cm, alternas, largamente pediculadas, el pedículo 2-5 cm; segmentos terciarios basales alternos, el basiscópico reducido y ascendente, el acroscópico prolongado y patente; ejes de los segmentos penúltimos con alas herbáceas adaxialmente, el ala decurrente en el eje del orden siguiente inferior; costas y cóstulas pelosas abaxialmente, los tricomas septados pardo claro, las células más de 5 veces más largas que anchas, frecuentemente aglomerados en las uniones; ápice de las nervaduras estériles delgado; indusio cilíndrico a subglobular. Selvas altas perennifolias, orillas de bosques, riberas de los caminos. Ch (Breedlove 34441, MO); B (Holst 4474, MO); G (Stolze, 1981: 174); H (Perdomo 235, MO); ES (Standley 19760, GH); N (Neill 3175, MO); CR (Hammel y Trainer 13813, MO); P (Hammel et al. 16353, MO). 100-2100 m. (S. Florida, C. México, Mesoamérica, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Perú, Bolivia, Antillas Mayores, Trinidad.)

Tallo: indumento piloso(s); dimensiones largo(s) reptante(s). Hoja: ala(s) costal adaxial presente(s); base de los pecíolo(s) no radicante; nervura(s) abaxial glabra(s); tejido(s) laminar(es) abaxial glabro(s). Caule: indumento piloso(s); tamanho longo(s) reptante(s). Folha: ala(s) costal adaxial presente(s); base dos pecíolo(s) não radicante; nervura(s) abaxial glabra(s); tecido(s) laminar(es) abaxial glabro(s). Stem: indumentum pilose; size long trailling. Leaf: wing costal adaxial present; base of the petiole non rooting; veins abaxial glabrate; tissue laminar abaxial glabrous. Caule: indumento piloso(s); tamanho longo(s) reptante(s). Folha: ala(s) costal adaxial presente(s); base dos pecíolo(s) não radicante; nervura(s) abaxial glabra(s); tecido(s) laminar(es) abaxial glabro(s). Stem: indumentum pilose; size long trailling. Leaf: wing costal adaxial present; base of the petiole non rooting; veins abaxial glabrate; tissue laminar abaxial glabrous.

Terrícola

Erva

Dennstaedtia bipinnata (Cav.) Maxon, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 51: 39. 1938; Dicksonia bipinnata Cav.; Dennstaedtia adiantoides (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) T. Moore.  Fig. 42 K, L.Rizoma largamente rastrero, ramificado; hojas 2–3 m de largo; pecíolo ca 1/2 de la lon­gitud de la hoja, sin yemas en la base; lámina 3- ó 4-pinnada, glabra adaxialmente; eje de los penúltimos segmentos con alas herbáceas adaxiales; costas y cóstulas tricoma­tosas abaxialmente, los tricomas café claros, patentes y rectos; ápice de los nervios delga­do; indusio cilín­drico.

Bosques húmedos y nebliselvas; Neill 3175, Stevens 21263; 800–1700 m; Florida a Bolivia, Antillas Mayores. Esta especie se distingue por su lámina lustrosa, más o menos estriada en la superficie abaxial y por su indusio cilíndrico. VU

Rhizome long-creeping, 5-10 mm diam., hairy; fronds 2-3 m long, 1-1.5 m wide, clumped; stipe ½ the frond length; blade deltate; fronds 3-4-pinnate; texture coriaceous to firm-herbaceous; lower pinnules stalked, basal pinnules not especially reduced, basal segments of pinnules of central pinnae alternate, unequal in size, axes of penultimate segments with wing on upper surface; sterile vein tips slender; lamina glabrous above, hairs beneath scattered, mostly near axes, 1 mm long, clear brown, spreading and straight; indusium cylindrical to subcylindrical, 0.8 mm deep, 0.8-1.0 mm wide. Rhizome 0.6-1 cm in diam., densely clothed toward apex with reddish-brown translucent, slightly viscid, articulate hairs 2-4 mm long. Fronds to 3 m long; stipes to 1 m long or more, dark brown esp. toward base, there clothed with hairs like those of rhizome, grooved esp. adaxially. Blades deltate, up to 1 m broad or more near base, 3-pinnate-pinnatifid to nearly 4-pinnate, sparsely and minutely pubescent throughout abaxially; rhachis deeply grooved adaxially, terete beneath and finely raised-punctulate where hairs have fallen; pinnae stalked, ascending, inequilateral at base (at least the basal acroscopic pinnules longer than the conesponding basiscopic ones); secondary pinnules more or less ovateoblong, stalked but with a nanow basiscopic wing decunent onto the secondary costae, pinnatifid, when fertile with a sorus on a lobule at the base of each sinus; ultimate segments obtusely to acutely toothed; veins subdichotomously branched, prominulous adaxially, the sterile tips not quite reaching the margin; tissue firmly herbaceous, lustrous. Sori 0.7-1 mm in diam., the indusial cup broadly cylindric or subglobose, round or slightly elliptic in outline. Rhizomes long-creeping, branched, 5–10 mm diam., hairy; fronds 2–3 m long, clumped; stipes 1/2 the blade length, lacking buds at the base; blades deltate, 1–1.5 m wide; fronds 3–4-pinnate; texture coriaceous to firm herbaceous; proximal pinnules stalked, not especially reduced, basal segments of pinnules of central pinnae alternate, unequal in size, axes of penultimate segments with wings on adaxial surfaces; sterile vein tips slender; laminae glabrous adaxially, hairs scattered abaxially, mostly at axis intersections, 1 mm long, clear brown, spreading and straight; indusia cylindrical to subcylindrical, 0.8 mm deep, 0.8–1 mm wide; 2n=188 (Jam). Rhizome 0.6-1 cm in diam., densely clothed toward apex with reddish-brown translucent, slightly viscid, articulate hairs 2-4 mm long. Fronds to 3 m long; stipes to 1 m long or more, dark brown esp. toward base, there clothed with hairs like those of rhizome, grooved esp. adaxially. Blades deltate, up to 1 m broad or more near base, 3-pinnate-pinnatifid to nearly 4-pinnate, sparsely and minutely pubescent throughout abaxially; rhachis deeply grooved adaxially, terete beneath and finely raised-punctulate where hairs have fallen; pinnae stalked, ascending, inequilateral at base (at least the basal acroscopic pinnules longer than the conesponding basiscopic ones); secondary pinnules more or less ovateoblong, stalked but with a nanow basiscopic wing decunent onto the secondary costae, pinnatifid, when fertile with a sorus on a lobule at the base of each sinus; ultimate segments obtusely to acutely toothed; veins subdichotomously branched, prominulous adaxially, the sterile tips not quite reaching the margin; tissue firmly herbaceous, lustrous. Sori 0.7-1 mm in diam., the indusial cup broadly cylindric or subglobose, round or slightly elliptic in outline. Rhizomes long-creeping, branched, 5–10 mm diam., hairy; fronds 2–3 m long, clumped; stipes 1/2 the blade length, lacking buds at the base; blades deltate, 1–1.5 m wide; fronds 3–4-pinnate; texture coriaceous to firm herbaceous; proximal pinnules stalked, not especially reduced, basal segments of pinnules of central pinnae alternate, unequal in size, axes of penultimate segments with wings on adaxial surfaces; sterile vein tips slender; laminae glabrous adaxially, hairs scattered abaxially, mostly at axis intersections, 1 mm long, clear brown, spreading and straight; indusia cylindrical to subcylindrical, 0.8 mm deep, 0.8–1 mm wide; 2n=188 (Jam).

Florida, Greater Antilles, Trinidad, and continental tropical America from Mexico to Peru and Bolivia. Wet montane forests; 450–1300 m. USA (Fla); Mexico; Guat, Bel, Hond, Salv, Nic, CR, Pan; Gr Ant; Col, Ven, Trin, Ec, Peru, Bol. Wet montane forests; Ixtlán; 450600 m. Mexico (Dgo, Hgo, Ver, Oax, Chis); US (Fla); Guat to Pan; Gr Antill, Trin; Col & Ven to Bol. Wet montane forests; 450–1300 m. USA (Fla); Mexico; Guat, Bel, Hond, Salv, Nic, CR, Pan; Gr Ant; Col, Ven, Trin, Ec, Peru, Bol. Wet montane forests; Ixtlán; 450600 m. Mexico (Dgo, Hgo, Ver, Oax, Chis); US (Fla); Guat to Pan; Gr Antill, Trin; Col & Ven to Bol.

Stems long-creeping, 5--6 mm diam. Leaves clustered to well separated, arching, 1.5--2.5 × ca. 1 m. Petiole straw-colored to brown, darker at base, lustrous, 1/2 to equal length of blade, sparsely pubescent with soft, jointed hairs at base when young. Blade bright green, lustrous, ovate, 2--4-pinnate, 1/2 to nearly as wide as long, base obtuse, apex acute, sparsely pubescent throughout to nearly glabrous abaxially. Basal segments of pinnules opposite; ultimate segments mostly oblong-ovate, base inequilaterally cuneate, margins incised-dentate. Sori globose to almost cylindric; indusia tubular or cylindric. Spores trilete, prominently 3-lobed, surface irregularly tuberculate. 2 n = 188.