The World Flora Online

50. Gardenia J. Ellis

Por D.H. Lorence.

Arbustos oarbolitos inermes, terrestres, las flores bisexuales o a veces dioicas, lasyemas frecuentemente resinosas. Hojas opuestas o a veces ternadas, isofilas,enteras, frecuentemente con domacios; nervadura menor no lineolada; estípulasunidas alrededor del tallo en una vaina continua, triangulares, 2-lobadas oespatáceas, persistentes, erguidas, aparentemente valvadas o a vecescircuncísiles. Flores muy fragantes, terminales o axilares, solitarias,ebracteadas, homostilas y protrandras pero posiblemente en función unisexualesen plantas dioicas; limbo calicino 3-5-lobado, sin calicofilos; corolahipocraterimorfa, blanca tornándose amarilla con la edad, en el interiorestrigosa, los lobos 5-9, convolutos, sin apéndices; estambres 5-9, las anterasdorsifijas, parcial a completamente exertas, el polen en tétradas; estigma 1,cilíndrico a claviforme, fusiforme o lobado, parcialmente exerto; ovario1-locular o incompletamente 2-locular, los óvulos numerosos, parietales. Frutosabayados, subglobosos o elipsoidales, coriáceos a subleñosos, generalmenteamarillos o pardos; semillas discoidales, aplanadas, inmersas en una pulpaanaranjada. 200-250 spp. África, Asia e islas del Pacífico, con 1 especieampliamente cultivada.

Bibliografía: Smith, A.C. Amer. J. Bot.61: 109-128 (1974).

Shrubs or rarely trees, sometimes with short shoots (Gardenia angkorensis, G. sootepensis), unarmed or with short shoots sometimes spinescent, with buds and young stem apices often resinous. Raphides absent. Leaves opposite or rarely ternate, sometimes clustered at stem apices, often with domatia; stipules persistent or deciduous, united shortly around stem or united completely into a conical cap (i.e., calyptrate), triangular or when united into a cap then splitting along one side. Inflorescences pseudoaxillary and/or terminal, fascicled to cymose and several flowered or reduced to 1 flower, pedunculate to sessile, bracteate. Flowers sessile to pedicellate, bisexual, monomorphic, often showy. Calyx with ovary portion well developed and often longitudinally ridged; limb 5-8-lobed or sometimes fused into a tube or conical cap that splits irregularly as corolla elongates (i.e., spathaceous), often well developed. Corolla white to cream, salverform or funnelform, glabrous or variously pubescent inside; lobes 5-12, convolute in bud. Stamens 5-12, inserted in corolla throat, included or partially exserted; filaments very short or reduced; anthers dorsifixed. Ovary 1-celled, ovules numerous on 2-6 parietal placentas; stigma clavate or 2-lobed, included or exserted. Fruit generally yellow to orange, red-orange, or brown with pulp usually orange, baccate, leathery or fleshy, ellipsoid to subglobose, smooth or with longitudinal ridges, with calyx limb usually persistent or sometimes upper part tardily deciduous; seeds numerous, medium-sized, ellipsoid, compressed, embedded in pulp; testa leathery or membranous; endosperm usually corneous; embryo small or medium-sized; cotyledons broad, leaflike.

GARDENIA J. Ellis

Gardenia augusta (L.) Merr., Interpr. Herb. Amboin. 485. 1917; Varneria augusta L.; G. jasminoides J. Ellis; G. maruba Siebold.

Arboles o arbustos glabrescentes, hasta 8 m de alto; plantas dioicas. Hojas opuestas, elípticas a oblanceoladas, 2–12 cm de largo y 1.5–5 cm de ancho, ápice agudo a cortamente acuminado, base cuneada a atenuada, cartáceas, nervios secundarios 6–9 pares, a veces con domacios; pecíolos 1–4 mm de largo; estípulas interpeciolares y también parcialmente intrapeciolares, persistentes, triangulares, 5–10 mm de largo, agudas. Flores 1–3, homostilas, nocturnas, muy fragantes, terminales o axilares, pedúnculos hasta 1 cm de largo, brácteas reducidas; limbo calicino 8–40 mm de largo, profundamente 5–8-lobado; corola infundibuliforme a hipocrateriforme, glabra, blanca tornándose amarilla con la edad, tubo 2–5 mm de largo, lobos 6–8 o varios en las flores dobles, 2–3 cm de largo, obtusos, convolutos; ovario 1-locular, óvulos numerosos. Frutos abayados, carnosos a ligeramente leñosos, elipsoides a subglobosos; semillas aplanadas, elípticas.

Ocasionalmente cultivada; fl esporádicamente durante todo el año, pero no produce frutos; De Angelis 154, Sandino 4544; nativa de Asia, cultivada en las zonas tropicales y subtropicales de todo el mundo por su follaje ornamental y flores vistosas y fragantes. Género con unas 200 especies paleotropicales. "Gardenia".

Seeds mostly very numerous, compressed, elliptic in outline, ± 3–10 mm. long, with thin smooth or slightly reticulate testa, stuck together into a solid mass with a pulp. Flowers sessile or shortly pedicellate, hermaphrodite solitary or in few-flowered fascicles, terminal or pseudo-axillary, usually white, mostly large and elegant, strongly perfumed Shrubs, small trees or occasionally small pyrophytic subshrubs, unarmed or lateral branches becoming stoutly spinescent; young parts often glutinous; branches sometimes in whorls of 3 Leaves opposite or verticillate, petiolate, thin to distinctly coriaceous, with or without domatia; stipules sheathing, often truncate; buds containing wax-secreting glands Calyx-tube variously shaped with the tubular part of the limb usually well-developed, truncate or with marginal or submarginal often decurrent lobes; limb sometimes unilaterally split Corolla-tube funnel-shaped or cylindrical and then usually long and narrow; lobes 5–12, contorted, overlapping to the left in bud, obtuse or rounded at the apex Anthers included or apices just exserted; pollen grains in tetrads Ovary 1-locular, with 2–9 parietal placentas; style elongate, clavate at the apex, glabrous or pubescent; stigma exserted, bilobed or not, usually many-lamellate, fruit globose or ellipsoid, with a usually thick fibrous or woody wall Flowers sessile or shortly pedicellate, hermaphrodite solitary or in few-flowered fascicles, terminal or pseudo-axillary, usually white, mostly large and elegant, strongly perfumed Shrubs, small trees or occasionally small pyrophytic subshrubs, unarmed or lateral branches becoming stoutly spinescent; young parts often glutinous; branches sometimes in whorls of 3 Leaves opposite or verticillate, petiolate, thin to distinctly coriaceous, with or without domatia; stipules sheathing, often truncate; buds containing wax-secreting glands Calyx-tube variously shaped with the tubular part of the limb usually well-developed, truncate or with marginal or submarginal often decurrent lobes; limb sometimes unilaterally split Corolla-tube funnel-shaped or cylindrical and then usually long and narrow; lobes 5–12, contorted, overlapping to the left in bud, obtuse or rounded at the apex Anthers included or apices just exserted; pollen grains in tetrads Ovary 1-locular, with 2–9 parietal placentas; style elongate, clavate at the apex, glabrous or pubescent; stigma exserted, bilobed or not, usually many-lamellate, fruit globose or ellipsoid, with a usually thick fibrous or woody wall

Leaves opposite or verticillate, petiolate, chartaceous to distinctly coriaceous, with or without domatia; stipules sheathing, often truncate; buds containing glands secreting sticky exudate. Shrubs, small trees or occasionally small pyrophytic subshrubs (low, spreading suffrutices with woody underground stems), unarmed but lateral branches can appear stoutly spinescent; young parts often glutinous; branches sometimes in whorls of 3. Corolla tube funnel-shaped or cylindrical and then usually long and narrow; lobes 5–12, contorted, overlapping to the left in bud, obtuse or rounded at the apex. Anthers included, apices just exserted or up to ½ exserted. Flowers sessile or shortly pedicellate, hermaphrodite, solitary or in few-flowered fascicles, terminal or pseudoaxillary, usually white, mostly large and elegant, strongly perfumed. Calyx tube variously shaped with the limb-tube usually well developed, truncate or with marginal or submarginal often decurrent lobes; limb sometimes unilaterally split. Fruit globose or ellipsoid with a usually thick fibrous or woody wall. Seeds mostly very numerous (or 4 per locule in G. brachythamnus), compressed, elliptic in outline, about 3–10 mm long, with thin smooth or slightly reticulate testa, stuck together into a solid mass. Pollen grains in tetrads. Ovary 1-locular at least in the basal part, or 2-locular in G. brachythamnus with 2–9 parietal placentas; style elongate, glabrous or pubescent; pollen presenter clavate, bilobed or not, usually many-lamellate, ± exserted. Shrubs, small trees or occasionally small pyrophytic subshrubs (low, spreading suffrutices with woody underground stems), unarmed but lateral branches can appear stoutly spinescent; young parts often glutinous; branches sometimes in whorls of 3. Corolla tube funnel-shaped or cylindrical and then usually long and narrow; lobes 5–12, contorted, overlapping to the left in bud, obtuse or rounded at the apex. Anthers included, apices just exserted or up to ½ exserted. Flowers sessile or shortly pedicellate, hermaphrodite, solitary or in few-flowered fascicles, terminal or pseudoaxillary, usually white, mostly large and elegant, strongly perfumed. Calyx tube variously shaped with the limb-tube usually well developed, truncate or with marginal or submarginal often decurrent lobes; limb sometimes unilaterally split. Fruit globose or ellipsoid with a usually thick fibrous or woody wall. Seeds mostly very numerous (or 4 per locule in G. brachythamnus), compressed, elliptic in outline, about 3–10 mm long, with thin smooth or slightly reticulate testa, stuck together into a solid mass. Pollen grains in tetrads. Ovary 1-locular at least in the basal part, or 2-locular in G. brachythamnus with 2–9 parietal placentas; style elongate, glabrous or pubescent; pollen presenter clavate, bilobed or not, usually many-lamellate, ± exserted.