The World Flora Online

Shrubs, trees, or vines. Stems sometimes armed. Leaves opposite or alternate, petiolate, margin entire. Inflorescences axillary (or terminal), many-flowered cymes or panicles; bracts absent or inconspicuous, caducous. Flowers unisexual (plant dioecious), bisexual, or polygamous; bracteoles 2-4. Male perianth limb campanulate or funnelform. Stamens 6-10. Female perianth ovate-tubular or cylindric, 5-10-lobed. Ovary sessile, oblique. Stigma capitate or lobed. Fruit oblong or clavate, ribbed, with sticky glands. Seed oblong, with a deep longitudinal furrow; embryo straight, cotyledons recurved, enclosing the endosperm.

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Shrubs, trees, or scandent woody climbers, perennial, usually pubescent (roots unknown, probably woody). Stems erect, arched, or drooping, unarmed or armed with very sharp, often paired, axillary spines, without glutinous bands on internodes. Leaves petiolate, equal or of unequal size in each pair; blade thin or thick and fleshy, base symmetric or nearly so. Inflorescences axillary and terminal, pedunculate, diffuse or congested, compound corymbiform or cymose; bracts persistent, 2-3 beneath each flower. Flowers unisexual (plants dioecious), chasmogamous; perianth radially symmetric, limb 5-dentate; perianth of staminate flower broadly or narrowly campanulate or urceolate, narrow tube abruptly expanding to limb, limb often reflexed at maturity; perianth of pistillate flower tubular, not constricted beyond ovary, but ultimately closing over it, upper part persisting as 5 small lobes at tip of fruit; stamens 2-many, exserted; styles short exserted; stigmas penicillate. Fruit oblong to clavate, with 5 rounded or angulate ribs, coriaceous, pubescent or glabrate, ribs bearing 1 or more rows of stalked, sticky glands.

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PISONIA L.

Arbustos, árboles o trepadoras leñosas, frecuentemente armadas con espinas, brotes espolonados cortos frecuentemente presentes; plantas dioicas. Hojas opuestas o subopuestas (alternas), enteras, pecioladas. Inflorescencias axilares o terminales en cortos brotes espolonados axilares, cimas paniculadas, a veces capituliformes, umbeliformes o corimbiformes, flores pediceladas, 1–3 bractéolas pequeñas sobre el pedicelo y no directamente en la base del cáliz; flores estaminadas con el cáliz rotáceo, campanulado o tubular, con (4) 5 lobos pequeños, estambres 5–10, desiguales, connados en la base, exertos, pistilodio presente; flores pistiladas comúnmente mucho más pequeñas que las estaminadas, el tubo del cáliz más angosto que el de las estaminadas, con 5 lobos pequeños, estaminodios presentes, frecuentemente formando un disco dentado bajo, adnado a la base estipitiforme del ovario tan alto como éste último y con anteras no funcionales, ovario estrechado en la base, estigma fimbriado, exerto. Antocarpo coriáceo (en Nicaragua) o carnoso, parte apical libre del cáliz comúnmente retenida, superficie con bandas longitudinales de 1 o varias hileras de glándulas pediculadas.

Un género pantropical con 15–50 especies; 2 especies se han encontrado en Nicaragua. Otras dos especies centroamericanas eventualmente podrían ser encontradas en Nicaragua: P. silvatica Standl., de Costa Rica y Panamá, con hojas glabras, ápice acuminado y frutos angostamente elípticos con 10 bandas de una sola hilera de glándulas y cáliz estaminado tubular y rojo-puberulento con pequeños lobos erectos y, P. donnellsmithii Heimerl ex Standl., de Guatemala y El Salvador, con cáliz estaminado tubular y lobos muy pequeños, erectos y casi glabros, hojas generalmente pubescentes en el envés especialmente en el nervio principal.

J.F. Stemmerik. Florae Malesianae precursores XXXVIII. Notes on Pisonia L. in the Old World (Nyctaginaceae). Blumea 12: 275–284. 1964.

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Shrubs or small trees, usually scandent and armed with stout axillary spines in our species. Leaves opposite to irregularly approximate. Inflorescences usually terminal on highly modified short shoots, umbelliform or densely corymbiform- thyrsiform. Flowers small, the subtending bracteoles in a more or less contracted spiral upon the pedicel. Staminate flowers campanulate; stamens usually 6-8, unequal, widely exserted, the short tube of the filaments adnate to the stipe of the pistillode. Pistillate flowers tubular, the limb of the perianth apparently always erect, the staminodes reduced to a low, occasionally glandular-dentate disc adnate to the stipe of the pistillode. Anthocarps pentagonal-clavate, coriaceous, armed with longitudinal rows of stipitate glands upon the angles.

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Shrubs trees

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Numerous species in the Antilles, Central and South America; southern penin- sular Florida; western Africa, southeastern Asia and Oceania. A single species is known from Panama at present.

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