The World Flora Online

Trees or shrubs, also woody climbers or perennial herbs, resiniferous secretory ducts in bark and foliage, plants turpentine-smelling, blackening when wounded, hermaphroditic, polygamo-dioecious or dioecious. Leaves often clustered distally, alternate, exstipulate, simple, trifoliolate or imparipinnate. Inflorescences terminal or axillary thyrsoids or panicles; floral subtending bracts small, or sometimes large, membranous and fused to pedicel (Dobinea). Flowers small, actinomorphic, 3-5-merous, bisexual to unisexual; receptacle sometimes elongate and barrel-shaped (Mangifera). Perianth usually double (single in Pistacia or lacking in female flowers in Dobinea); sepals fused basally and lobed (bractlike in Pistacia), imbricate or valvate in bud, caducous or persistent. Petals free or adnate basally to extended receptacle, imbricate or valvate, deciduous to persistent. Stamens in 1 or 2 whorls, 1 (Anacardium, Mangifera), several, or all fertile; filaments slender, sometimes connate basally (Anacardium); anthers ovoid or oblong, introrse, dorsi- or basifixed, longitudinally dehiscent, 2-celled with 4 pollen sacs. Disk usually distinct, intrastaminal to extrastaminal, fleshy, crenulate, stipe-shaped or 5-10-notched, round, flattened or subcupular. Ovary superior, sometimes half inferior or inferior (Pegia and Semecarpus), either (a) 1-carpellate and 1-locular, (b) syncarpous and 2-5-locular (rarely more), (c) 4-6-carpellate and apocarpous (Buchanania), or (d) 5-carpellate and incompletely connate (Dracontomelon); stigmas 1-5 (rarely more), ± distinct, each locule with one apotropous ovule, usually with one carpel developing to maturity. Fruit drupaceous or dry and indehiscent (Dobinea), sometimes borne on enlarged fleshy hypocarp formed by pedicel and receptacle (Anacardium and Semecarpus) or fused to membranous accrescent floral subtending bract (Dobinea), composed of 1-5, rarely more, cells, each containing 1 seed; epicarp thin; mesocarp usually fleshy, fibrous and resinous; endocarp crustaceous to bony.

Disk present Stamens often double the number of the petals, rarely equal or numerous or only one fertile; filaments free among themselves; anthers 2-celled, opening lengthwise Calyx variously divided, sometimes semi-superior in fruit Petals 3–7 or absent, free or rarely connate and adnate to the torus Seeds without or with very thin endosperm; cotyledons fleshy Ovary superior, 1-celled, rarely 2–5-celled, or very rarely carpels free; styles 1–5, often widely separated; ovules solitary, pendulous from the apex or adnate to the ovary wall, or pendulous from a basal funicle Fruit mostly drupaceous Leaves alternate, very rarely opposite, simple or compound; stipules absent, very rarely present but obscure Flowers hermaphrodite or unisexual, mostly actinomorphic Trees or shrubs, often with resinous bark Stamens often double the number of the petals, rarely equal or numerous or only one fertile; filaments free among themselves; anthers 2-celled, opening lengthwise Calyx variously divided, sometimes semi-superior in fruit Petals 3–7 or absent, free or rarely connate and adnate to the torus Seeds without or with very thin endosperm; cotyledons fleshy Ovary superior, 1-celled, rarely 2–5-celled, or very rarely carpels free; styles 1–5, often widely separated; ovules solitary, pendulous from the apex or adnate to the ovary wall, or pendulous from a basal funicle Fruit mostly drupaceous Leaves alternate, very rarely opposite, simple or compound; stipules absent, very rarely present but obscure Flowers hermaphrodite or unisexual, mostly actinomorphic Trees or shrubs, often with resinous bark

Fls small, regular, mostly hypogynous, perfect or more often unisexual, mostly 5-merous as to the sep, pet, and stamens, the sep generally connate below, the pet distinct or rarely wanting, the stamens alternate with (or twice as many as) the pet and generally seated outside the annular (often 5-lobed) nectary-disk; ovary mostly of 3 carpels, plurilocular or more often only one locule fully developed, the styles distinct or ± united; ovule solitary (or solitary in each locule), apotropous, in ours basal with a long funiculus; fr commonly drupaceous, with a ± resinous and sometimes waxy or oily mesocarp; seed with oily, curved or less often straight embryo and 2 expanded cotyledons, the endosperm scanty or none; woody plants with well developed resin-ducts (or latex-channels) at least in the bark; lvs mostly alternate and exstipulate, pinnately compound or trifoliolate, rarely simple. 60–80/600, mostly tropical.

Arbres , arbustes quelquefois sarmenteux, sous-arbustes ou lianes dioïques, monoïques ou polygames; canaux résinifères dans l'écorce et souvent dans la moelle des rameaux; exsudats résineux, gommeux ou laiteux.'Feuilles'alternes, rarement opposées ou verticillées, exstipulées, pétiolées ou sessiles, imparipennées, parfois 3-foliolées, 1-foliolées, ou simples.'Panicules'terminales, axillaires ou rarement caulinaires, ± pyramidales et ± lâches, ou spiciformes, ou réduites à quelques fleurs; bractées et bractéoles généralement présentes.'Fleurs'♂♀, moins souvent ☿, actinomorphes, petites, à préfloraison valvaire ou imbriquée; sépales 3-5, ± soudés ou libres; pétales généralement présents et dépassant le calice; étamines en nombre égal ou double des pétales, quelquefois plus nombreuses dans les fleurs ♂, rarement moins; filets libres, rarement ± soudés; anthères biloculaires, dorsifixes, s'ouvrant par fentes longitudinales, introrses, plus petites et stériles dans les fleurs ♀; disque généralement présent, intrastaminal, concave à convexe dans les fleurs ♂, ± annulaire dans les ♀ et les ☿; gynécée (1)3-5(∞)-carpellaire, réduit ou absent dans les fleurs ♂; ovaire supère, à loges uniovulées; ovule anatrope, suspendu à un funicule subbasal longeant ± longuement la paroi ou rarement pendant du sommet; style 1, simple, ou trilobé à trifide, ou styles aussi nombreux que les loges et ± distants, ou parfois ± excentriques.'Fruits'drupacés, le plus souvent à 1 noyau pluriloculaire dans lequel 1 graine se développe, rarement akènes ou fruits samaroïdes.'Graines sans albumen, à cotylédons charnus, souvent plan-convexes et à embryon droit ou courbé.\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t Plantules à cotylédons hypogés ou épigés; les 2 premières feuilles souvent opposées et simples.\n\t\t\tFamille pantropicale, groupant 75 genres et environ 600 espèces; au Congo belge, 11 genres, dont 2(3) introduits, 87 espèces et 12 variétés.\n\t\t\tDes espèces de plusieurs genres ont été décrites comme polygames, entre autres dans les genres'Antrocaryon ,'Heeria ,'Rhus ,'Sclerocarya ,'Sorindeia . D'après nos observations en herbier, les étamines des fleurs considérées comme ☿ semblent stériles; il s'agirait donc de fleurs ♀ et de plantes dioïques. Des observations sur le terrain quant à la répartition exacte des sexes sont souhaitables.

Sepals united or sometimes free, imbricate or valvate Flowers dioecious, monoecious or polygamous, small, 3–5-merous, actinomorphic or rarely zygomorphic, rarely lacking tepals Inflorescence of axillary or terminal panicles or spike-like racemes Leaves alternate, opposite or verticillate, exstipulate, simple, pinnate or palmately (1–)3(–5)-foliolate Petals usually free, rarely united and adnate to the disk, imbricate or valvate Trees, shrubs, at times sarmentose, or suffrutices, occasionally thorny, producing resins, gums or latex Seeds erect, horizontal or pendulous with membranous or coriaceous testa; endosperm absent or rarely present and very thin Ovary, sometimes present and vestigial in ?, (1–)3–5(–many)-carpous, 1–6(–many)-locular; loculi 1-ovulate; ovule anatropous; styles free or ± connate Fruit drupaceous or dry with ± resinous or oleaginous mesocarp and bony or coriaceous endocarp, usually with a 1–plurilocular 1–5-seeded stone Stamens inserted round the disk or sometimes on the disk, as many as or twice as many as the petals or numerous; anthers dorsifixed or basifixed, usually all fertile in ? Disk annular, cup-shaped or stipitiform, entire, crenulate or lobed, or absent Flowers dioecious, monoecious or polygamous, small, 3–5-merous, actinomorphic or rarely zygomorphic, rarely lacking tepals Inflorescence of axillary or terminal panicles or spike-like racemes Leaves alternate, opposite or verticillate, exstipulate, simple, pinnate or palmately (1–)3(–5)-foliolate Petals usually free, rarely united and adnate to the disk, imbricate or valvate Trees, shrubs, at times sarmentose, or suffrutices, occasionally thorny, producing resins, gums or latex Seeds erect, horizontal or pendulous with membranous or coriaceous testa; endosperm absent or rarely present and very thin Ovary, sometimes present and vestigial in ?, (1–)3–5(–many)-carpous, 1–6(–many)-locular; loculi 1-ovulate; ovule anatropous; styles free or ± connate Fruit drupaceous or dry with ± resinous or oleaginous mesocarp and bony or coriaceous endocarp, usually with a 1–plurilocular 1–5-seeded stone Stamens inserted round the disk or sometimes on the disk, as many as or twice as many as the petals or numerous; anthers dorsifixed or basifixed, usually all fertile in ? Disk annular, cup-shaped or stipitiform, entire, crenulate or lobed, or absent

Fruit drupaceous or dry with ± resinous or oleaginous mesocarp and bony or coriaceous endocarp, generally with a 1-plurilocular 1–3-seeded stone Seeds erect, horizontal or pendulous with membranous or coriaceous testa; endosperm absent or rarely present and very thin Inflorescence of axillary or terminal panicles or spike-like racemes Flowers dioecious, monoecious or polygamous, small, 3–5-merous, actinomorphic or rarely irregular Trees, shrubs at times sarmentose, shrublets or suffrutices, sometimes thorny, producing resins, gums or latex Leaves alternate, opposite or verticillate, exstipulate, simple, imparipinnate or (1)3-foliolate Disk annular, cup-shaped or stipitiform, entire, crenulate or lobed or absent Ovary, sometimes present and vestigial in the male flowers, (1)3–5(?)-carpous, 1–6-locular, rarely multilocular, loculi 1-ovulate; ovule anatropous; styles free or ± connate Sepals united or sometimes free, imbricate or valvate Stamens, inserted round the disk or sometimes on the disk, as many as or twice as many as the petals or numerous, usually all fertile in the male flowers Seeds erect, horizontal or pendulous with membranous or coriaceous testa; endosperm absent or rarely present and very thin Inflorescence of axillary or terminal panicles or spike-like racemes Flowers dioecious, monoecious or polygamous, small, 3–5-merous, actinomorphic or rarely irregular Trees, shrubs at times sarmentose, shrublets or suffrutices, sometimes thorny, producing resins, gums or latex Leaves alternate, opposite or verticillate, exstipulate, simple, imparipinnate or (1)3-foliolate Disk annular, cup-shaped or stipitiform, entire, crenulate or lobed or absent Ovary, sometimes present and vestigial in the male flowers, (1)3–5(?)-carpous, 1–6-locular, rarely multilocular, loculi 1-ovulate; ovule anatropous; styles free or ± connate Sepals united or sometimes free, imbricate or valvate Stamens, inserted round the disk or sometimes on the disk, as many as or twice as many as the petals or numerous, usually all fertile in the male flowers